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ICMP 路由器发现协议用户指南
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识别网络连接中断的症状

date_range 17-Feb-21

问题

描述

网络中故障的症状通常相当明显,例如无法到达远程主机。

解决 方案

要识别网络上故障的症状,请从网络的一端开始,沿路由到另一端,输入所有或以下 Junos OS 命令行界面 (CLI) 操作模式命令:

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             user@host> ping (ip-address | host-name)
user@host> show route (ip-address | host-name)
user@host> traceroute (ip-address | host-name)

示例输出

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user@R6> ping 10.0.0.5 
PING 10.0.0.5 (10.0.0.5): 56 data bytes
36 bytes from 10.1.26.1: Time to live exceeded
Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst
 4  5  00 0054 e2db   0 0000  01  01 a8c6 10.1.26.2  10.0.0.5 

36 bytes from 10.1.26.1: Time to live exceeded
Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst
 4  5  00 0054 e2de   0 0000  01  01 a8c3 10.1.26.2  10.0.0.5 

36 bytes from 10.1.26.1: Time to live exceeded
Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst
 4  5  00 0054 e2e2   0 0000  01  01 a8bf 10.1.26.2  10.0.0.5 

^C
--- 10.0.0.5 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss

user@R6> show route 10.0.0.5 

inet.0: 20 destinations, 20 routes (20 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)
+ = Active Route, - = Last Active, * = Both

10.0.0.5/32        *[IS-IS/165] 00:02:39, metric 10
                     > to 10.1.26.1  via so-0/0/2.0

user@R6> traceroute 10.0.0.5 
traceroute to 10.0.0.5 (10.0.0.5), 30 hops max, 40 byte packets
 1  10.1.26.1 (10.1.26.1)  0.649 ms  0.521 ms  0.490 ms
 2  10.1.26.2 (10.1.26.2)  0.521 ms  0.537 ms  0.507 ms
 3  10.1.26.1 (10.1.26.1)  0.523 ms  0.536 ms  0.514 ms
 4  10.1.26.2 (10.1.26.2)  0.528 ms  0.551 ms  0.523 ms
 5  10.1.26.1 (10.1.26.1)  0.531 ms  0.550 ms  0.524 ms

意义

示例输出显示一个失败的ping命令,其中的数据包被拒绝,因为超过了使用时间。命令的show route 输出显示可针对可能的问题进一步检查的接口 (10.1.26.1)。命令traceroute显示两个接口地址的连续重复所指示的 (R2) 和 10.1.26.2R6) 之间的10.1.26.1环路。

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