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Table of Contents Expand all

play_arrow 了解和配置 Junos 路由策略
- play_arrow 概述
- play_arrow 使用匹配条件、操作、术语和表达式评估路由策略
- play_arrow 使用策略链和子例程评估复杂案例
- play_arrow 将路由过滤器和前缀列表配置为匹配条件
- play_arrow 将 AS 路径配置为匹配条件
- play_arrow 将社区配置为匹配条件
- play_arrow 通过 BGP 路由抖动操作提高网络稳定性
- play_arrow 使用源类使用情况和目标类使用情况操作跟踪流量使用情况
- play_arrow 使用条件路由策略避免流量路由威胁
- play_arrow 通过将流量转发到丢弃接口来防范 DoS 攻击
- play_arrow 使用动态路由策略缩短提交时间
  - 了解动态路由策略
  - 示例：配置动态路由策略
- play_arrow 应用路由策略前的测试
  - 了解路由策略测试
  - 示例：使用复杂的正则表达式测试路由策略
play_arrow 配置防火墙过滤器
play_arrow 配置流量监管器
play_arrow 配置语句和操作命令
play_arrow 故障排除
- play_arrow 知识库
  - https://kb.juniper.net/

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示例：在 BGP 中通告多条路径

date_range 18-Jan-25

arrow_backward

arrow_forward

在此示例中，BGP 路由器配置为播发多个路径，而不是仅播发活动路径。RFC 7911， BGP 中的多路径播发中指定了 BGP 中的多条路径播发。

要求

此示例使用以下硬件和软件组件：

八个支持 BGP 的设备。
启用 BGP 的设备中有五台不一定需要是路由器。例如，它们可以是 EX 系列以太网交换机。
其中三个支持 BGP 的设备配置为发送多个路径或接收多个路径（或同时发送和接收多个路径）。这三台支持 BGP 的设备必须是 M 系列多服务边缘路由器、MX 系列 5G 通用路由平台或 T 系列核心路由器。
这三台路由器必须运行 Junos OS 11.4 或更高版本。

概述

以下语句用于配置到目标的多个路径：

[edit protocols bgp group group-name family family]
add-path {
    receive;
    send {
        include-backup-path include-backup-path;
        multipath;
        path-count path-count;             
        path-selection-mode {
            (all-paths | equal-cost-paths);
        }
        prefix-policy [ policy-names ... ];
    }
}

在此示例中，路由器 R5、路由器 R6 和路由器 R7 将静态路由重新分发到 BGP 中。路由器 R1 和路由器 R4 是路由反射器。路由器 R2 和路由器 R3 是路由反射器 R1 的客户端。路由器 R8 是路由反射器 R4 的客户端。

在 BGP 中启用多路径通告时，路由反射是可选的。

通过此 add-path send path-count 6 配置，路由器 R1 配置为向路由器 R4 发送最多 6 条路径（每个目标）。

通过此 add-path receive 配置，路由器 R4 配置为从路由器 R1 接收多条路径。

通过此 add-path send path-count 6 配置，路由器 R4 配置为向路由器 R8 发送最多 6 条路径。

通过此 add-path receive 配置，路由器 R8 配置为从路由器 R4 接收多条路径。

策略配置（以及相应的路由过滤器）将 add-path send prefix-policy allow_199 路由器 R4 限制为仅发送 172.16.199.1/32 路由的多个路径。

拓扑图

图 1 显示了此示例中使用的拓扑。

图 1： BGP 中多路径通告

配置

CLI 快速配置
配置路由器 R1
配置路由器 R2
配置路由器 R3
配置路由器 R4
配置路由器 R5
配置路由器 R6
配置路由器 R7
配置路由器 R8
结果

CLI 快速配置

要快速配置此示例，请复制以下命令，将其粘贴到文本文件中，删除所有换行符，更改与您的网络配置匹配所需的任何详细信息，然后将命令复制并粘贴到层次结构级别的 CLI [edit] 中。

路由器 R1

content_copy zoom_out_map
set interfaces fe-0/0/0 unit 12 family inet address 10.0.12.1/24
set interfaces fe-0/0/1 unit 13 family inet address 10.0.13.1/24
set interfaces fe-1/0/0 unit 14 family inet address 10.0.14.1/24
set interfaces fe-1/2/0 unit 15 family inet address 10.0.15.1/24
set interfaces lo0 unit 10 family inet address 10.0.0.10/32
set protocols bgp group rr type internal
set protocols bgp group rr local-address 10.0.0.10
set protocols bgp group rr cluster 10.0.0.10
set protocols bgp group rr neighbor 10.0.0.20
set protocols bgp group rr neighbor 10.0.0.30
set protocols bgp group e1 type external
set protocols bgp group e1 neighbor 10.0.15.2 local-address 10.0.15.1
set protocols bgp group e1 neighbor 10.0.15.2 peer-as 2
set protocols bgp group rr_rr type internal
set protocols bgp group rr_rr local-address 10.0.0.10
set protocols bgp group rr_rr neighbor 10.0.0.40 family inet unicast add-path send path-count 6
set protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface lo0.10 passive
set protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface fe-0/0/0.12
set protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface fe-0/0/1.13
set protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface fe-1/0/0.14
set protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface fe-1/2/0.15
set routing-options router-id 10.0.0.10
set routing-options autonomous-system 1

路由器 R2

content_copy zoom_out_map
set interfaces fe-1/2/0 unit 21 family inet address 10.0.12.2/24
set interfaces fe-1/2/1 unit 26 family inet address 10.0.26.1/24
set interfaces lo0 unit 20 family inet address 10.0.0.20/32
set protocols bgp group rr type internal
set protocols bgp group rr local-address 10.0.0.20
set protocols bgp group rr neighbor 10.0.0.10 export set_nh_self
set protocols bgp group e1 type external
set protocols bgp group e1 neighbor 10.0.26.2 peer-as 2
set protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface lo0.20 passive
set protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface fe-1/2/0.21
set protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface fe-1/2/1.28
set policy-options policy-statement set_nh_self then next-hop self
set routing-options autonomous-system 1

路由器 R3

content_copy zoom_out_map
set interfaces fe-1/0/1 unit 31 family inet address 10.0.13.2/24
set interfaces fe-1/0/2 unit 37 family inet address 10.0.37.1/24
set interfaces lo0 unit 30 family inet address 10.0.0.30/32
set protocols bgp group rr type internal
set protocols bgp group rr local-address 10.0.0.30
set protocols bgp group rr neighbor 10.0.0.10 export set_nh_self
set protocols bgp group e1 type external
set protocols bgp group e1 neighbor 10.0.37.2 peer-as 2
set protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface lo0.30 passive
set protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface fe-1/0/1.31
set protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface fe-1/0/2.37
set policy-options policy-statement set_nh_self then next-hop self
set routing-options autonomous-system 1

路由器 R4

content_copy zoom_out_map
set interfaces fe-1/2/0 unit 41 family inet address 10.0.14.2/24
set interfaces fe-1/2/1 unit 48 family inet address 10.0.48.1/24
set interfaces lo0 unit 40 family inet address 10.0.0.40/32
set protocols bgp group rr type internal
set protocols bgp group rr local-address 10.0.0.40
set protocols bgp group rr family inet unicast add-path receive
set protocols bgp group rr neighbor 10.0.0.10
set protocols bgp group rr_client type internal
set protocols bgp group rr_client local-address 10.0.0.40
set protocols bgp group rr_client cluster 10.0.0.40
set protocols bgp group rr_client neighbor 10.0.0.80 family inet unicast add-path send path-count 6
set protocols bgp group rr_client neighbor 10.0.0.80 family inet unicast add-path send prefix-policy allow_199 
set protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface fe-1/2/0.41
set protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface lo0.40 passive
set protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface fe-1/2/1.48
set policy-options policy-statement allow_199 from route-filter 172.16.199.1/32 exact 
set policy-options policy-statement allow_199 term match_199 from prefix-list match_199
set policy-options policy-statement allow_199 then add-path send-count 20
set policy-options policy-statement allow_199 then accept
set routing-options autonomous-system 1

路由器 R5

content_copy zoom_out_map
set interfaces fe-1/2/0 unit 51 family inet address 10.0.15.2/24
set interfaces lo0 unit 50 family inet address 10.0.0.50/32
set protocols bgp group e1 type external
set protocols bgp group e1 neighbor 10.0.15.1 export s2b
set protocols bgp group e1 neighbor 10.0.15.1 peer-as 1
set policy-options policy-statement s2b from protocol static
set policy-options policy-statement s2b from protocol direct
set policy-options policy-statement s2b then as-path-expand 2
set policy-options policy-statement s2b then accept
set routing-options autonomous-system 2
set routing-options static route 172.16.199.1/32 reject
set routing-options static route 172.16.198.1/32 reject

路由器 R6

content_copy zoom_out_map
set interfaces fe-1/2/0 unit 62 family inet address 10.0.26.2/24
set interfaces lo0 unit 60 family inet address 10.0.0.60/32
set protocols bgp group e1 type external
set protocols bgp group e1 neighbor 10.0.26.1 export s2b
set protocols bgp group e1 neighbor 10.0.26.1 peer-as 1
set policy-options policy-statement s2b from protocol static
set policy-options policy-statement s2b from protocol direct
set policy-options policy-statement s2b then accept
set routing-options autonomous-system 2
set routing-options static route 172.16.199.1/32 reject
set routing-options static route 172.16.198.1/32 reject

路由器 R7

content_copy zoom_out_map
set interfaces fe-1/2/0 unit 73 family inet address 10.0.37.2/24
set interfaces lo0 unit 70 family inet address 10.0.0.70/32
set protocols bgp group e1 type external
set protocols bgp group e1 neighbor 10.0.37.1 export s2b
set protocols bgp group e1 neighbor 10.0.37.1 peer-as 1
set policy-options policy-statement s2b from protocol static
set policy-options policy-statement s2b from protocol direct
set policy-options policy-statement s2b then accept
set routing-options autonomous-system 2
set routing-options static route 172.16.199.1/32 reject

路由器 R8

content_copy zoom_out_map
set interfaces fe-1/2/0 unit 84 family inet address 10.0.48.2/24
set interfaces lo0 unit 80 family inet address 10.0.0.80/32
set protocols bgp group rr type internal
set protocols bgp group rr local-address 10.0.0.80
set protocols bgp group rr neighbor 10.0.0.40 family inet unicast add-path receive
set protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface lo0.80 passive
set protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface fe-1/2/0.84
set routing-options autonomous-system 1

配置路由器 R1

分步过程
结果

分步过程

下面的示例要求您在各个配置层级中进行导航。有关导航 CLI 的信息，请参阅《Junos OS CLI 用户指南》中的在配置模式下使用 CLI 编辑器。

要配置路由器 R1：

配置路由器 R2、路由器 R3、路由器 R4 和路由器 R5 的接口，并配置环路（lo0）接口。

content_copy zoom_out_map
[edit interfaces]
user@R1# set fe-0/0/0 unit 12 family inet address 10.0.12.1/24
user@R1# set fe-0/0/1 unit 13 family inet address 10.0.13.1/24
user@R1# set fe-1/0/0 unit 14 family inet address 10.0.14.1/24
user@R1# set fe-1/2/0 unit 15 family inet address 10.0.15.1/24
user@R1#set lo0 unit 10 family inet address 10.0.0.10/32

在接口上配置 BGP，并配置 IBGP 路由反射。

content_copy zoom_out_map
[edit protocols bgp]
user@R1# set group rr type internal
user@R1# set group rr local-address 10.0.0.10
user@R1# set group rr cluster 10.0.0.10
user@R1# set group rr neighbor 10.0.0.20
user@R1# set group rr neighbor 10.0.0.30
user@R1# set group rr_rr type internal
user@R1# set group rr_rr local-address 10.0.0.10
user@R1# set group e1 type external
user@R1# set group e1 neighbor 10.0.15.2 local-address 10.0.15.1
user@R1# set group e1 neighbor 10.0.15.2 peer-as 2

将路由器 R1 配置为向其邻居路由器 R4 发送最多六条路径。

路径的目标可以是路由器 R1 可以通过多个路径到达的任何目标。
```
[edit protocols bgp]
user@R1# set group rr_rr neighbor 10.0.0.40 family inet unicast add-path send path-count 6
```

在接口上配置 OSPF。

content_copy zoom_out_map
[edit protocols ospf]
user@R1# set area 0.0.0.0 interface lo0.10 passive
user@R1# set area 0.0.0.0 interface fe-0/0/0.12
user@R1# set area 0.0.0.0 interface fe-0/0/1.13
user@R1# set area 0.0.0.0 interface fe-1/0/0.14
user@R1# set area 0.0.0.0 interface fe-1/2/0.15

配置路由器 ID 和自治系统编号。

content_copy zoom_out_map
[edit routing-options]
user@R1# set router-id 10.0.0.10
user@R1# set autonomous-system 1

如果完成设备配置，请提交配置。
```
user@R1# commit
```

结果

在配置模式下，输入 show interfaces 、show protocols、show policy-options 和 show routing-options 命令，以确认您的配置。如果输出未显示预期的配置，请重复此示例中的说明，以便进行更正。

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R1# show interfaces
fe-0/0/0 {
    unit 12 {
        family inet {
            address 10.0.12.1/24;
        }
    }
}
fe-0/0/1 {
    unit 13 {
        family inet {
            address 10.0.13.1/24;
        }
    }
}
fe-1/0/0 {
    unit 14 {
        family inet {
            address 10.0.14.1/24;
        }
    }
}
fe-1/2/0 {
    unit 15 {
        family inet {
            address 10.0.15.1/24;
        }
    }
}
lo0 {
    unit 10 {
        family inet {
            address 10.0.0.10/32;
        }
    }
}

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R1# show protocols
bgp {
    group rr {
        type internal;
        local-address 10.0.0.10;
        cluster 10.0.0.10;
        neighbor 10.0.0.20;
        neighbor 10.0.0.30;
    }
    group e1 {
        type external;
        neighbor 10.0.15.2 {
            local-address 10.0.15.1;
            peer-as 2;
        }
    }
    group rr_rr {
        type internal;
        local-address 10.0.0.10;
        neighbor 10.0.0.40 {
            family inet {
                unicast {
                    add-path {
                        send {
                            path-count 6;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
ospf {
    area 0.0.0.0 {
        interface lo0.10 {
            passive;
        }
        interface fe-0/0/0.12;
        interface fe-0/0/1.13;
        interface fe-1/0/0.14;
        interface fe-1/2/0.15;
    }
}

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R1# show routing-options
router-id 10.0.0.10;
 autonomous-system 1;

配置路由器 R2

分步过程
结果

分步过程

要配置路由器 R2：

配置环路（lo0）接口以及路由器 R6 和路由器 R1 的接口。

content_copy zoom_out_map
[edit interfaces]
user@R2# set fe-1/2/0 unit 21 family inet address 10.0.12.2/24
user@R2# set fe-1/2/1 unit 26 family inet address 10.0.26.1/24
user@R2# set lo0 unit 20 family inet address 10.0.0.20/32

在路由器 R2 的接口上配置 BGP 和 OSPF。

content_copy zoom_out_map
[edit protocols]
user@R2# set bgp group rr type internal
user@R2# set bgp group rr local-address 10.0.0.20
user@R2# set bgp group e1 type external
user@R2# set bgp group e1 neighbor 10.0.26.2 peer-as 2
user@R2# set ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface lo0.20 passive
user@R2# set ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface fe-1/2/0.21
user@R2# set ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface fe-1/2/1.28

对于从路由器 R2 发送到路由器 R1 的路由，请将路由器 R2 播发为下一跃点，因为路由器 R1 在 10.0.26.0/24 网络上没有到路由器 R6 地址的路由。
```
[edit]
user@R2# set policy-options policy-statement set_nh_self then next-hop self
user@R2# set protocols bgp group rr neighbor 10.0.0.10 export set_nh_self
```

配置自治系统编号。

content_copy zoom_out_map
[edit]
user@R2# set routing-options autonomous-system 1

如果完成设备配置，请提交配置。
```
user@R2# commit
```

结果

在配置模式下，输入 show interfaces、 show protocols、 show policy-options和 show routing-options 命令确认您的配置。如果输出未显示预期的配置，请重复此示例中的说明，以便进行更正。

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R2# show interfaces
fe-1/2/0 {
    unit 21 {
        family inet {
            address 10.0.12.2/24;
        }
    }
}
fe-1/2/1 {
    unit 26 {
        family inet {
            address 10.0.26.1/24;
        }
    }
}
lo0 {
    unit 20 {
        family inet {
            address 10.0.0.20/32;
        }
    }
}

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R2# show protocols
bgp {
    group rr {
        type internal;
        local-address 10.0.0.20;
        neighbor 10.0.0.10 {
            export set_nh_self;
        }
    }
    group e1 {
        type external;
        neighbor 10.0.26.2 {
            peer-as 2;
        }
    }
}
ospf {
    area 0.0.0.0 {
        interface lo0.20 {
            passive;
        }
        interface fe-1/2/0.21;
        interface fe-1/2/1.28;
    }
}

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R2# show policy-options
policy-statement set_nh_self {
    then {
        next-hop self;
    }
}

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R2# show routing-options
 autonomous-system 1;

配置路由器 R3

分步过程
结果

分步过程

要配置路由器 R3：

配置环路（lo0）接口以及路由器 R7 和路由器 R1 的接口。

content_copy zoom_out_map
[edit interfaces]
user@R3# set fe-1/0/1 unit 31 family inet address 10.0.13.2/24
user@R3# set fe-1/0/2 unit 37 family inet address 10.0.37.1/24
user@R3# set lo0 unit 30 family inet address 10.0.0.30/32

在路由器 R3 的接口上配置 BGP 和 OSPF。

content_copy zoom_out_map
[edit protocols]
user@R3# set bgp group rr type internal
user@R3# set bgp group rr local-address 10.0.0.30
user@R3# set bgp group e1 type external
user@R3# set bgp group e1 neighbor 10.0.37.2 peer-as 2
user@R3# set ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface lo0.30 passive
user@R3# set ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface fe-1/0/1.31
user@R3# set ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface fe-1/0/2.37

对于从路由器 R3 发送到路由器 R1 的路由，请将路由器 R3 播发为下一跃点，因为路由器 R1 在 10.0.37.0/24 网络上没有到路由器 R7 地址的路由。
```
[edit]
user@R3# set policy-options policy-statement set_nh_self then next-hop self
user@R3# set protocols bgp group rr neighbor 10.0.0.10 export set_nh_self
```

配置自治系统编号。

content_copy zoom_out_map
[edit]
user@R3# set routing-options autonomous-system 1

如果完成设备配置，请提交配置。
```
user@R3# commit
```

结果

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R3# show interfaces
fe-1/0/1 {
    unit 31 {
        family inet {
            address 10.0.13.2/24;
        }
    }
}
fe-1/0/2 {
    unit 37 {
        family inet {
            address 10.0.37.1/24;
        }
    }
}
lo0 {
    unit 30 {
        family inet {
            address 10.0.0.30/32;
        }
    }
}

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R3# show protocols
bgp {
    group rr {
        type internal;
        local-address 10.0.0.30;
        neighbor 10.0.0.10 {
            export set_nh_self;
        }
    }
    group e1 {
        type external;
        neighbor 10.0.37.2 {
            peer-as 2;
        }
    }
}
ospf {
    area 0.0.0.0 {
        interface lo0.30 {
            passive;
        }
        interface fe-1/0/1.31;
        interface fe-1/0/2.37;
    }
}
user@R3# show policy-options
policy-statement set_nh_self {
    then {
        next-hop self;
    }
}

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R3# show routing-options
 autonomous-system 1;

配置路由器 R4

分步过程
结果

分步过程

要配置路由器 R4：

配置路由器 R1 和路由器 R8 的接口，并配置环路（lo0）接口。

content_copy zoom_out_map
[edit interfaces]
user@R4# set fe-1/2/0 unit 41 family inet address 10.0.14.2/24
user@R4# set fe-1/2/1 unit 48 family inet address 10.0.48.1/24
user@R4# set lo0 unit 40 family inet address 10.0.0.40/32

在接口上配置 BGP，并配置 IBGP 路由反射。

content_copy zoom_out_map
[edit protocols bgp]
user@R4# set group rr type internal
user@R4# set group rr local-address 10.0.0.40
user@R4# set group rr neighbor 10.0.0.10
user@R4# set group rr_client type internal
user@R4# set group rr_client local-address 10.0.0.40
user@R4# set group rr_client cluster 10.0.0.40

将路由器 R4 配置为向其邻居路由器 R8 发送最多 6 条路径。

路径的目的地可以是路由器 R4 可以通过多个路径到达的任何目标。
```
[edit protocols bgp]
user@R4# set group rr_client neighbor 10.0.0.80 family inet unicast add-path send path-count 6
```
将路由器 R4 配置为从其邻居路由器 R1 接收多条路径。

路径的目标可以是路由器 R1 可以通过多个路径到达的任何目标。
```
[edit protocols bgp group rr family inet unicast]
user@R4# set add-path receive
```

在接口上配置 OSPF。

content_copy zoom_out_map
[edit protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0]
user@R4# set interface fe-1/2/0.41
user@R4# set interface lo0.40 passive
user@R4# set interface fe-1/2/1.48

配置允许路由器 R4 将路由器 R8 多个路径发送到 172.16.199.1/32 路由的策略。
- 路由器 R4 接收 172.16.198.1/32 路由和 172.16.199.1/32 路由的多条路径。但是，由于此策略，路由器 R4 仅发送 172.16.199.1/32 路由的多个路径。
```
[edit protocols bgp group rr_client neighbor 10.0.0.80 family inet unicast]
user@R4# set add-path send prefix-policy allow_199 
[edit policy-options policy-statement allow_199]
user@R4# set from route-filter 172.16.199.1/32 exact 
user@R4# set then accept
```
- 路由器 R4 还可以配置为为添加路径播发前缀的子集发送多达 20 个 BGP add-path 路由。
```
[edit policy-options policy-statement allow_199]
user@R4# set term match_199 from prefix-list match_199
user@R4# set then add-path send-count 20
```

配置自治系统编号。

content_copy zoom_out_map
[edit routing-options]
user@R4# set autonomous-system 1

如果完成设备配置，请提交配置。
```
user@R4# commit
```

结果

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R4# show interfaces
fe-1/2/0 {
    unit 41 {
        family inet {
            address 10.0.14.2/24;
        }
    }
}
fe-1/2/1 {
    unit 48 {
        family inet {
            address 10.0.48.1/24;
        }
    }
}
lo0 {
    unit 40 {
        family inet {
            address 10.0.0.40/32;
        }
    }
}

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R4# show protocols
bgp {
    group rr {
        type internal;
        local-address 10.0.0.40;
        family inet {
            unicast {
                add-path {
                    receive;
                }
            }
        }
        neighbor 10.0.0.10;
    }
    group rr_client {
        type internal;
        local-address 10.0.0.40;
        cluster 10.0.0.40;
        neighbor 10.0.0.80 {
            family inet {
                unicast {
                    add-path {
                        send {
                            path-count 6;
                            prefix-policy allow_199;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
ospf {
    area 0.0.0.0 {
        interface lo0.40 {
            passive;
        }
        interface fe-1/2/0.41;
        interface fe-1/2/1.48;
    }
}

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R4# show policy-options
policy-statement allow_199 {
    from {
        route-filter 172.16.199.1/32 exact;
    }
    from term match_199 {
        prefix-list match_199;
    }
        then add-path send-count 20;
    then accept;
}

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R4# show routing-options
 autonomous-system 1;

配置路由器 R5

分步过程
结果

分步过程

要配置路由器 R5：

配置环路（lo0）接口和路由器 R1 接口。

content_copy zoom_out_map
[edit interfaces]
user@R5# set fe-1/2/0 unit 51 family inet address 10.0.15.2/24
user@R5# set lo0 unit 50 family inet address 10.0.0.50/32

在路由器 R5 的接口上配置 BGP。

content_copy zoom_out_map
[edit protocols bgp group e1]
user@R5# set type external
user@R5# set neighbor 10.0.15.1 peer-as 1

创建静态路由以重新分发到 BGP。

content_copy zoom_out_map
[edit routing-options]
user@R5# set static route 172.16.199.1/32 reject
user@R5# set static route 172.16.198.1/32 reject

将静态和直接路由重新分发到 BGP 中。

content_copy zoom_out_map
[edit protocols bgp group e1 neighbor 10.0.15.1]
user@R5# set export s2b
[edit policy-options policy-statement s2b]
user@R5# set from protocol static
user@R5# set from protocol direct
user@R5# set then as-path-expand 2
user@R5# set then accept

配置自治系统编号。

content_copy zoom_out_map
[edit routing-options]
user@R5# set autonomous-system 2

如果完成设备配置，请提交配置。
```
user@R5# commit
```

结果

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R5# show interfaces
fe-1/2/0 {
    unit 51 {
        
        family inet {
            address 10.0.15.2/24;
        }
    }
}
lo0 {
    unit 50 {
        family inet {
            address 10.0.0.50/32;
        }
    }
}

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R5# show protocols
bgp {
    group e1 {
        type external;
        neighbor 10.0.15.1 {
            export s2b;
            peer-as 1;
        }
    }
}

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R5# show policy-options
policy-statement s2b {
    from protocol [ static direct ];
    then {
        as-path-expand 2;
        accept;
    }
}

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R5# show routing-options
static {
    route 172.16.198.1/32 reject;
    route 172.16.199.1/32 reject;
}
 autonomous-system 2;

配置路由器 R6

分步过程
结果

分步过程

要配置路由器 R6：

配置环路（lo0）接口和路由器 R2 接口。

content_copy zoom_out_map
[edit interfaces]
user@R6# set fe-1/2/0 unit 62 family inet address 10.0.26.2/24
user@R6# set lo0 unit 60 family inet address 10.0.0.60/32

在路由器 R6 的接口上配置 BGP。

content_copy zoom_out_map
[edit protocols]
user@R6# set bgp group e1 type external
user@R6# set bgp group e1 neighbor 10.0.26.1 peer-as 1

创建静态路由以重新分发到 BGP。

content_copy zoom_out_map
[edit]
user@R6# set routing-options static route 172.16.199.1/32 reject
user@R6# set routing-options static route 172.16.198.1/32 reject

将来自路由器 R6 路由表的静态和直接路由重新分配到 BGP。

content_copy zoom_out_map
[edit protocols bgp group e1 neighbor 10.0.26.1]
user@R6# set export s2b
[edit policy-options policy-statement s2b]
user@R6# set from protocol static
user@R6# set from protocol direct
user@R6# set then accept

配置自治系统编号。

content_copy zoom_out_map
[edit routing-options]
user@R6# set autonomous-system 2

如果完成设备配置，请提交配置。
```
user@R6# commit
```

结果

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R6# show interfaces
fe-1/2/0 {
    unit 62 {
        
        family inet {
            address 10.0.26.2/24;
        }
    }
}
lo0 {
    unit 60 {
        family inet {
            address 10.0.0.60/32;
        }
    }
}

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R6# show protocols
bgp {
    group e1 {
        type external;
        neighbor 10.0.26.1 {
            export s2b;
            peer-as 1;
        }
    }
}

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R6# show policy-options
policy-statement s2b {
    from protocol [ static direct ];
    then accept;
}

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R6# show routing-options
static {
    route 172.16.198.1/32 reject;
    route 172.16.199.1/32 reject;
}
 autonomous-system 2;

配置路由器 R7

分步过程
结果

分步过程

要配置路由器 R7：

配置环路（lo0）接口和路由器 R3 接口。

content_copy zoom_out_map
[edit interfaces]
user@R7# set fe-1/2/0 unit 73 family inet address 10.0.37.2/24
user@R7# set lo0 unit 70 family inet address 10.0.0.70/32

在路由器 R7 的接口上配置 BGP。

content_copy zoom_out_map
[edit protocols bgp group e1]
user@R7# set type external
user@R7# set neighbor 10.0.37.1 peer-as 1

创建静态路由以重新分发到 BGP。

content_copy zoom_out_map
[edit]
user@R7# set routing-options static route 172.16.199.1/32 reject

将来自路由器 R7 路由表的静态和直接路由重新分发到 BGP 中。

content_copy zoom_out_map
[edit protocols bgp group e1 neighbor 10.0.37.1]
user@R7# set export s2b
[edit policy-options policy-statement s2b]
user@R7# set from protocol static
user@R7# set from protocol direct
user@R7# set then accept

配置自治系统编号。

content_copy zoom_out_map
[edit routing-options]
user@R7# set autonomous-system 2

如果完成设备配置，请提交配置。
```
user@R7# commit
```

结果

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R7# show interfaces
fe-1/2/0 {
    unit 73 {
        
        family inet {
            address 10.0.37.2/24;
        }
    }
}
lo0 {
    unit 70 {
        family inet {
            address 10.0.0.70/32;
        }
    }
}

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R7# show protocols
bgp {
    group e1 {
        type external;
        neighbor 10.0.37.1 {
            export s2b;
            peer-as 1;
        }
    }
}

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R7# show policy-options
policy-statement s2b {
    from protocol [ static direct ];
    then accept;
}

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R7# show routing-options
static {
    route 172.16.199.1/32 reject;
}
 autonomous-system 2;

配置路由器 R8

分步过程

要配置路由器 R8：

配置环路（lo0）接口和路由器 R4 接口。

content_copy zoom_out_map
[edit interfaces]
user@R8# set fe-1/2/0 unit 84 family inet address 10.0.48.2/24
user@R8# set lo0 unit 80 family inet address 10.0.0.80/32

在路由器 R8 的接口上配置 BGP 和 OSPF。

content_copy zoom_out_map
[edit protocols]
user@R8# set bgp group rr type internal
user@R8# set bgp group rr local-address 10.0.0.80
user@R8# set ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface lo0.80 passive
user@R8# set ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface fe-1/2/0.84

将路由器 R8 配置为从其邻居路由器 R4 接收多条路径。

路径的目的地可以是路由器 R4 可以通过多个路径到达的任何目标。
```
[edit protocols]
user@R8# set bgp group rr neighbor 10.0.0.40 family inet unicast add-path receive
```

配置自治系统编号。

content_copy zoom_out_map
[edit]
user@R8# set routing-options autonomous-system 1

如果完成设备配置，请提交配置。
```
user@R8# commit
```

结果

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R8# show interfaces
fe-1/2/0 {
    
    unit 84 {
        
        family inet {
            address 10.0.48.2/24;
        }
    }
}
lo0 {
    unit 80 {
        family inet {
            address 10.0.0.80/32;
        }
    }
}

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R8# show protocols
bgp {
    group rr {
        type internal;
        local-address 10.0.0.80;
        neighbor 10.0.0.40 {
            family inet {
                unicast {
                    add-path {
                        receive;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
ospf {
    area 0.0.0.0 {
        interface lo0.80 {
            passive;
        }
        interface fe-1/2/0.84;
    }
}

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R8# show routing-options
 autonomous-system 1;

验证

确认配置工作正常。

验证 BGP 对等方是否能够发送和接收多条路径
验证路由器 R1 是否正在播发多条路径
验证路由器 R4 是否正在接收并播发多条路径
验证路由器 R8 是否正在接收多个路径
检查路径 ID

验证 BGP 对等方是否能够发送和接收多条路径

目的
操作

目的

确保命令输出 show bgp neighbor 中出现以下一个或两个字符串：

NLRI's for which peer can receive multiple paths: inet-unicast
NLRI's for which peer can send multiple paths: inet-unicast

操作

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R1> show bgp neighbor 10.0.0.40
Peer: 10.0.0.40+179 AS 1       Local: 10.0.0.10+64227 AS 1    
  Type: Internal    State: Established    Flags: <Sync>
...  NLRI's for which peer can receive multiple paths: inet-unicast
...

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R4> show bgp neighbor 10.0.0.10
Peer: 10.0.0.10+64227 AS 1     Local: 10.0.0.40+179 AS 1    
  Type: Internal    State: Established    Flags: <Sync>
...
  NLRI's for which peer can send multiple paths: inet-unicast
...

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R4> show bgp neighbor 10.0.0.80
Peer: 10.0.0.80+55416 AS 1     Local: 10.0.0.40+179 AS 1    
  Type: Internal    State: Established  (route reflector client)Flags: <Sync>
  ,,,
  NLRI's for which peer can receive multiple paths: inet-unicast
  ...

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R8> show bgp neighbor 10.0.0.40
Peer: 10.0.0.40+179 AS 1       Local: 10.0.0.80+55416 AS 1    
  Type: Internal    State: Established    Flags: <Sync>
  ...
  NLRI's for which peer can send multiple paths: inet-unicast
  ...

验证路由器 R1 是否正在播发多条路径

目的
操作
意义

目的

确保将到 172.16.198.1/32 目标的多条路径和到 172.16.199.1/32 目标的多条路径播发到路由器 R4。

操作

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R1> show route advertising-protocol bgp 10.0.0.40
inet.0: 21 destinations, 25 routes (21 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)
  Prefix                  Nexthop              MED     Lclpref    AS path
* 10.0.0.50/32            10.0.15.2                    100        2 2 I
* 10.0.0.60/32            10.0.0.20                    100        2 I
* 10.0.0.70/32            10.0.0.30                    100        2 I
* 172.16.198.1/32            10.0.0.20                    100        2 I
                          10.0.15.2                    100        2 2 I
* 172.16.199.1/32            10.0.0.20                    100        2 I
                          10.0.0.30                    100        2 I
                          10.0.15.2                    100        2 2 I
* 172.16.200.0/30            10.0.0.20                    100        2 I

意义

当您看到一个前缀和多个下一跃点时，表示有多个路径播发到路由器 R4。

验证路由器 R4 是否正在接收并播发多条路径

目的
操作
意义

目的

确保从路由器 R1 接收到 172.16.199.1/32 目标的多条路径，并将其播发到路由器 R8。确保从路由器 R1 接收到 172.16.198.1/32 目标的多条路径，但只有一条指向此目标的路径播发到路由器 R8。

操作

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R4> show route receive-protocol bgp 10.0.0.10
inet.0: 19 destinations, 22 routes (19 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)
  Prefix                  Nexthop              MED     Lclpref    AS path
* 10.0.0.50/32            10.0.15.2                    100        2 2 I
* 10.0.0.60/32            10.0.0.20                    100        2 I
* 10.0.0.70/32            10.0.0.30                    100        2 I
* 172.16.198.1/32            10.0.0.20                    100        2 I
                          10.0.15.2                    100        2 2 I
* 172.16.199.1/32            10.0.0.20                    100        2 I
                          10.0.0.30                    100        2 I
                          10.0.15.2                    100        2 2 I
* 172.16.200.0/30            10.0.0.20                    100        2 I

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R4> show route advertising-protocol bgp 10.0.0.80
inet.0: 19 destinations, 22 routes (19 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)
  Prefix                  Nexthop              MED     Lclpref    AS path
* 10.0.0.50/32            10.0.15.2                    100        2 2 I
* 10.0.0.60/32            10.0.0.20                    100        2 I
* 10.0.0.70/32            10.0.0.30                    100        2 I
* 172.16.198.1/32            10.0.0.20                    100        2 I
* 172.16.199.1/32            10.0.0.20                    100        2 I
                          10.0.0.30                    100        2 I
                          10.0.15.2                    100        2 2 I
* 172.16.200.0/30            10.0.0.20                    100        2 I

意义

该 show route receive-protocol 命令显示路由器 R4 接收到 172.16.198.1/32 目标的两条路径和到 172.16.199.1/32 目标的三条路径。该 show route advertising-protocol 命令显示路由器 R4 仅播发一条路径到 172.16.198.1/32 目标，并将所有三条路径播发到 172.16.199.1/32 目标。

由于应用于路由器 R4 的前缀策略，路由器 R4 不会播发到 172.16.198.1/32 目标的多个路径。路由器 R4 仅播发到 172.16.198.1/32 目标的一条路径，即使它收到到此目标的多条路径也是如此。

验证路由器 R8 是否正在接收多个路径

目的
操作

目的

确保路由器 R8 通过路由器 R4 接收到 172.16.199.1/32 目标的多条路径。确保路由器 R8 仅通过路由器 R4 接收到 172.16.198.1/32 目标的一条路径。

操作

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R8> show route receive-protocol bgp 10.0.0.40
inet.0: 18 destinations, 20 routes (18 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)
  Prefix                  Nexthop              MED     Lclpref    AS path
* 10.0.0.50/32            10.0.15.2                    100        2 2 I
* 10.0.0.60/32            10.0.0.20                    100        2 I
* 10.0.0.70/32            10.0.0.30                    100        2 I
* 172.16.198.1/32            10.0.0.20                    100        2 I
* 172.16.199.1/32            10.0.0.20                    100        2 I
                          10.0.0.30                    100        2 I
                          10.0.15.2                    100        2 2 I
* 200.1.1.0/30            10.0.0.20                    100        2 I

检查路径 ID

目的
操作

目的

在下游设备路由器 R4 和路由器 R8 上，验证路径 ID 是否唯一标识路径。查找 Addpath Path ID: 字符串。

操作

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R4> show route 172.16.199.1/32 detail

inet.0: 18 destinations, 20 routes (18 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)
172.16.199.1/32 (3 entries, 3 announced)
        *BGP    Preference: 170/-101
                Next hop type: Indirect
                Next-hop reference count: 9
                Source: 10.0.0.10
                Next hop type: Router, Next hop index: 676
                Next hop: 10.0.14.1 via lt-1/2/0.41, selected
                Protocol next hop: 10.0.0.20
                Indirect next hop: 92041c8 262146
                State: <Active Int Ext>
                Local AS:     1 Peer AS:     1
                Age: 1:44:37    Metric2: 2 
                Task: BGP_1.10.0.0.10+64227
                Announcement bits (3): 2-KRT 3-BGP RT Background 4-Resolve tree 1 
                AS path: 2 I (Originator) Cluster list:  10.0.0.10
                AS path:  Originator ID: 10.0.0.20
                Accepted
                Localpref: 100
                Router ID: 10.0.0.10
                Addpath Path ID: 1
         BGP    Preference: 170/-101
                Next hop type: Indirect
                Next-hop reference count: 4
                Source: 10.0.0.10
                Next hop type: Router, Next hop index: 676
                Next hop: 10.0.14.1 via lt-1/2/0.41, selected
                Protocol next hop: 10.0.0.30
                Indirect next hop: 92042ac 262151
                State: <NotBest Int Ext>
                Inactive reason: Not Best in its group - Router ID
                Local AS:     1 Peer AS:     1
                Age: 1:44:37    Metric2: 2 
                Task: BGP_1.10.0.0.10+64227
                Announcement bits (1): 3-BGP RT Background 
                AS path: 2 I (Originator) Cluster list:  10.0.0.10
                AS path:  Originator ID: 10.0.0.30
                Accepted
                Localpref: 100
                Router ID: 10.0.0.10
                Addpath Path ID: 2
         BGP    Preference: 170/-101
                Next hop type: Indirect
                Next-hop reference count: 4
                Source: 10.0.0.10
                Next hop type: Router, Next hop index: 676
                Next hop: 10.0.14.1 via lt-1/2/0.41, selected
                Protocol next hop: 10.0.15.2
                Indirect next hop: 92040e4 262150
                State: <Int Ext>
                Inactive reason: AS path
                Local AS:     1 Peer AS:     1
                Age: 1:44:37    Metric2: 2 
                Task: BGP_1.10.0.0.10+64227
                Announcement bits (1): 3-BGP RT Background 
                AS path: 2 2 I
                Accepted
                Localpref: 100
                Router ID: 10.0.0.10
                Addpath Path ID: 3

content_copy zoom_out_map
user@R8> show route 172.16.199.1/32 detail

inet.0: 17 destinations, 19 routes (17 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)
172.16.199.1/32 (3 entries, 1 announced)
        *BGP    Preference: 170/-101
                Next hop type: Indirect
                Next-hop reference count: 9
                Source: 10.0.0.40
                Next hop type: Router, Next hop index: 1045
                Next hop: 10.0.48.1 via lt-1/2/0.84, selected
                Protocol next hop: 10.0.0.20
                Indirect next hop: 91fc0e4 262148
                State: <Active Int Ext>
                Local AS:     1 Peer AS:     1
                Age: 1:56:51    Metric2: 3 
                Task: BGP_1.10.0.0.40+179
                Announcement bits (2): 2-KRT 4-Resolve tree 1 
                AS path: 2 I (Originator) Cluster list:  10.0.0.40 10.0.0.10
                AS path:  Originator ID: 10.0.0.20
                Accepted
                Localpref: 100
                Router ID: 10.0.0.40
                Addpath Path ID: 1
         BGP    Preference: 170/-101
                Next hop type: Indirect
                Next-hop reference count: 4
                Source: 10.0.0.40
                Next hop type: Router, Next hop index: 1045
                Next hop: 10.0.48.1 via lt-1/2/0.84, selected
                Protocol next hop: 10.0.0.30
                Indirect next hop: 91fc1c8 262152
                State: <NotBest Int Ext>
                Inactive reason: Not Best in its group - Router ID
                Local AS:     1 Peer AS:     1
                Age: 1:56:51    Metric2: 3 
                Task: BGP_1.10.0.0.40+179
                AS path: 2 I (Originator) Cluster list:  10.0.0.40 10.0.0.10
                AS path:  Originator ID: 10.0.0.30
                Accepted
                Localpref: 100
                Router ID: 10.0.0.40
                Addpath Path ID: 2
         BGP    Preference: 170/-101
                Next hop type: Indirect
                Next-hop reference count: 4
                Source: 10.0.0.40
                Next hop type: Router, Next hop index: 1045
                Next hop: 10.0.48.1 via lt-1/2/0.84, selected
                Protocol next hop: 10.0.15.2
                Indirect next hop: 91fc2ac 262153
                State: <Int Ext>
                Inactive reason: AS path
                Local AS:     1 Peer AS:     1
                Age: 1:56:51    Metric2: 3 
                Task: BGP_1.10.0.0.40+179
                AS path: 2 2 I (Originator) Cluster list:  10.0.0.40
                AS path:  Originator ID: 10.0.0.10
                Accepted
                Localpref: 100
                Router ID: 10.0.0.40
                Addpath Path ID: 3

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示例：在 BGP 中通告多条路径

要求

概述

拓扑图

配置

CLI 快速配置

配置路由器 R1

分步过程

结果

配置路由器 R2

分步过程

结果

配置路由器 R3

分步过程

结果

配置路由器 R4

分步过程

结果

配置路由器 R5

分步过程

结果

配置路由器 R6

分步过程

结果

配置路由器 R7

分步过程

结果

配置路由器 R8

分步过程

结果

验证

验证 BGP 对等方是否能够发送和接收多条路径

目的

操作

验证路由器 R1 是否正在播发多条路径

目的

操作

意义

验证路由器 R4 是否正在接收并播发多条路径

目的

操作

意义

验证路由器 R8 是否正在接收多个路径

目的

操作

检查路径 ID

目的

操作

相关主题

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