Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet

Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) combines PPP, which is typically run over broadband connections, with the Ethernet link-layer protocol that allows users to connect to a network of hosts over a bridge or access concentrator. PPPoE enables service providers to maintain access control through PPP connections and also manage multiple hosts at a remote site.

To provide a PPPoE connection, each PPP session must learn the Ethernet address of the remote peer and establish a unique session identifier during the PPPoE discovery and session stages.

PPPoE Discovery

To initiate a PPPoE session, a host must first identify the Ethernet MAC address of the remote peer and establish a unique PPPoE session ID for the session. Learning the remote Ethernet MAC address is called PPPoE discovery.

During the PPPoE discovery process, the host does not discover a remote endpoint on the Ethernet network. Instead, the host discovers the access concentrator through which all PPPoE sessions are established. Discovery is a client/server relationship, with the host (a J-series Services Router) acting as the client and the access concentrator acting as the server.

The PPPoE discovery stage consists of the following steps:

1. PPPoE Active Discovery Initiation (PADI)—The client initiates a session by broadcasting a PADI packet to the LAN, to request a service.
2. PPPoE Active Discovery Offer (PADO)—Any access concentrator that can provide the service requested by the client in the PADI packet replies with a PADO packet that contains it own name, the unicast address of the client, and the service requested. An access concentrator can also use the PADO packet to offer other services to the client.
3. PPPoE Active Discovery Request (PADR)—From the PADOs it receives, the client selects one access concentrator based on its name or the services offered and sends it a PADR packet to indicate the service or services needed.
4. PPPoE Active Discovery Session-Confirmation (PADS)—When the selected access concentrator receives the PADR packet, it accepts or rejects the PPPoE session:
   • To accept the session, the access concentrator sends the client a PADS packet with a unique session ID for a PPPoE session and a service name that identifies the service under which it accepts the session.
   • To reject the session, the access concentrator sends the client a PADS packet with a service name error and resets the session ID to zero.

PPPoE Sessions

The PPPoE session stage starts after the PPPoE discovery stage is over. Each PPPoE session is uniquely identified by the Ethernet address of the peer and the session ID. After the PPPoE session is established, data is sent as in any other PPP encapsulation. The PPPoE information is encapsulated within an Ethernet frame and is sent to a unicast address. Magic numbers, echo requests, and all other PPP traffic behave exactly as in normal PPP sessions. In this stage, both the client and the server must allocate resources for the PPPoE logical interface.

After a session is established, the client or the access concentrator can send a PPPoE Active Discovery Termination (PADT) packet anytime to terminate the session. The PADT packet contains the destination address of the peer and the session ID of the session to be terminated. After this packet is sent, the session is closed to PPPoE traffic.