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Example: Configuring Synchronization Between IS-IS and LDP

Understanding LDP-IGP Synchronization

LDP is often used to establish MPLS label-switched paths (LSPs) throughout a complete network domain using an IGP such as OSPF or IS-IS. In such a network, all links in the domain have IGP adjacencies as well as LDP adjacencies. LDP establishes the LSPs on the shortest path to a destination as determined by IP forwarding.

If the IGP and LDP are not synchronized, packet loss can occur. This issue is especially significant for applications such as a core network that does not employ BGP. Another example is an MPLS VPN where each provider edge (PE) router depends on the availability of a complete MPLS forwarding path to the other PE devices for each VPN that it serves. This means that along the shortest path between the PE routers, each link must have an operational hello adjacency and an operational LDP session, and MPLS label bindings must have been exchanged over each session.

LDP establishes MPLS LSPs along the shortest path to the destination as determined by IP forwarding. In a Layer 2 VPN or Layer 3 VPN scenario, if the LSP is not yet formed between the PE devices, services depending on MPLS forwarding fail. When LDP has not completed exchanging label bindings with an IGP next hop, traffic is discarded if the head end of the LSP forwards traffic because the LSP is assumed to be in place.

• Configuration errors and implementation issues.
• When an LDP hello adjacency or an LDP session with a peer is lost due to some error while the IGP still points to that peer. IP forwarding of traffic continues on the IGP link associated with the LDP peer rather than being shifted to another IGP link with which LDP is synchronized.
• When a new IGP link comes up, causing the next hop to a certain destination to change in the IGP’s shortest-path-first (SPF) calculations. Although the IGP might be up on the new link, LDP might not have completed label exchange for all the routes. This condition might be transient or due to a misconfiguration.

LDP-IGP synchronization discourages a link from being used while the LDP sessions are not fully established. When LDP is not fully operational on a link, the IGP advertises a maximum cost for the link, thus preventing traffic from flowing through it. The IGP does not advertise the original cost or metric for the link until either LDP label exchange has been completed with the peer on the link or a configured amount of time has passed (the holddown period).

When synchronization is configured, LDP notifies the IGP to advertise the maximum cost for the link when one of the following triggering events takes place:

• The LDP hello adjacency goes down.
• The LDP session goes down.
• LDP is configured on an interface.

If the holddown timer has been configured, the timer starts when the triggering event takes place. When the timer expires, LDP notifies the IGP to resume advertising the original cost.

If the holddown timer has not been configured, the IGP waits (endlessly) until bindings have been received from downstream routers for all the forwarding equivalence classes (FECs) that have a next hop on that interface. Only after that takes place does LDP notify the IGP to bring down the cost on the interface.

LDP-IGP synchronization is supported only for directly connected peers and links with the platform label space.

Synchronization Behavior During Graceful Restart

LDP-IGP synchronization does not take place while the IGP is in the process of a graceful restart. When the graceful restart completes, links for which synchronization has been configured are advertised with maximum metrics in either of the following cases:

• LDP is not yet operational on the link and no holddown timer has been configured.
• The configured holddown timer has not expired.

During LDP graceful restart, no synchronization operations are done. If the LDP graceful restart is terminated, LDP notifies the IGPs to advertise the links with the maximum metric.

Synchronization Behavior on LAN Interfaces

LDP-IGP synchronization does not take place on LAN interfaces unless the IGP has a point-to-point connection over the LAN configured on the interface. The reason for this is that multiple LDP peers might be connected on such an interface unless a point-to-point connection to a single peer has been configured. Because synchronization raises the cost on the interface high enough to prevent traffic from being forwarded to that link, if multiple peers are connected, the cost is raised on all the peers even though LDP might be unsynchronized with only one of the peers. Consequently, traffic is diverted away from all the peers, an undesirable situation.

Synchronization Behavior on IGP Passive Interfaces

On IGP passive interfaces, the link cost is not raised when LDP-IGP synchronization is configured and a triggering event occurs.

Synchronization and TE Metrics

When traffic engineering is configured for an IGP, LDP-IGP synchronization does not affect the traffic engineering metric advertised for the link, regardless of whether the traffic-engineering (TE) metric is explicitly configured or the default value.

Example: Configuring Synchronization Between IS-IS and LDP

This example shows how to enable synchronization between IS-IS and LDP.

• Requirements
• Overview
• Configuration
• Verification

Requirements

Before you begin, configure IS-IS and LDP. For an example, see Example: Configuring a Layer 3 VPN with Route Reflection and AS Override.

Overview

LDP distributes labels in non-traffic-engineered applications. Labels are distributed along the best path determined by IS-IS. If the synchronization between LDP and IS-IS is lost, the label-switched path (LSP) goes down. Therefore, LDP and IS-IS synchronization is beneficial. When LDP synchronization is configured and when LDP is not fully operational on a given link (a session is not established and labels are not exchanged), IS-IS advertises the link with the maximum cost metric. The link is not preferred but remains in the network topology.

LDP synchronization is supported only on point-to-point interfaces and LAN interfaces configured as point-to-point interfaces under IS-IS. LDP synchronization is not supported during graceful restart.

To advertise the maximum cost metric until LDP is operational for LDP synchronization, include the ldp-synchronization statement:

To disable synchronization, include the disable statement. To configure the time period to advertise the maximum cost metric for a link that is not fully operational, include the hold-time statement.

Note: When an interface has been in the holddown state for more than 3 minutes, a system log message with a warning level is sent. This message appears in both the messages file and the trace file.

Figure 1 shows the topology used in this example.

Figure 1: IS-IS and LDP Synchronization Topology

This example describes the steps on Device P1.

Configuration

CLI Quick Configuration

To quickly configure this example, copy the following commands, paste them into a text file, remove any line breaks, change any details necessary to match your network configuration, and then copy and paste the commands into the CLI at the [edit] hierarchy level.

Step-by-Step Procedure

1. Enable MPLS on the interfaces
   [edit protocols mpls]user@P1# set interface alluser@P1# set interface fxp0.0 disable
2. Enable IS-IS on the interfaces.
   [edit protocols isis]user@P1# set interface all user@P1# set interface fxp0.0 disable
3. Enable LDP on the interfaces.
   [edit protocols ldp]user@P1# set interface alluser@P1# set interface fxp0.0 disable
4. Enable LDP synchronization on the IS-IS interfaces.
   [edit protocols isis interface all]user@P1# set ldp-synchronization
5. Configure the IS-IS interfaces to behave like point-to-point interfaces.
   [edit protocols isis interface all]user@P1# set point-to-point

Results

From configuration mode, confirm your configuration by entering the show protocols command. If the output does not display the intended configuration, repeat the instructions in this example to correct the configuration.

If you are done configuring the device, enter commit from configuration mode. Repeat the configuration on Device R2.

Verification

Confirm that the configuration is working properly.

Verifying LDP Synchronization

Purpose

Check LDP synchronization setting on the IS-IS interfaces.

Action

From operational mode, enter the show isis interface extensive command.

IS-IS interface database:
lo0.0
  Index: 113, State: 0x6, Circuit id: 0x1, Circuit type: 0
  LSP interval: 100 ms, CSNP interval: disabled, Loose Hello padding
  Adjacency advertisement: Advertise
  Level 1
    Adjacencies: 0, Priority: 64, Metric: 0
    Passive
  Level 2
    Adjacencies: 0, Priority: 64, Metric: 0
    Passive
ge-1/2/0.0
  Index: 116, State: 0x6, Circuit id: 0x1, Circuit type: 2
  LSP interval: 100 ms, CSNP interval: 15 s, Loose Hello padding
  Adjacency advertisement: Advertise
  LDP sync state: in sync, for: 17:22:06, reason: LDP up during config
  config holdtime: infinity
  Level 2
    Adjacencies: 1, Priority: 64, Metric: 10
    Hello Interval: 9.000 s, Hold Time: 27 s
ge-1/2/1.0
  Index: 114, State: 0x6, Circuit id: 0x1, Circuit type: 2
  LSP interval: 100 ms, CSNP interval: 15 s, Loose Hello padding
  Adjacency advertisement: Advertise
  LDP sync state: in sync, for: 17:22:06, reason: LDP up during config
  config holdtime: infinity
  Level 2
    Adjacencies: 1, Priority: 64, Metric: 10
    Hello Interval: 9.000 s, Hold Time: 27 s
ge-1/2/2.0
  Index: 115, State: 0x6, Circuit id: 0x1, Circuit type: 2
  LSP interval: 100 ms, CSNP interval: 15 s, Loose Hello padding
  Adjacency advertisement: Advertise
  LDP sync state: in sync, for: 17:22:06, reason: LDP up during config
  config holdtime: infinity
  Level 2
    Adjacencies: 1, Priority: 64, Metric: 10
    Hello Interval: 9.000 s, Hold Time: 27 s

Meaning

The output shows that LDP is synchronized with IS-IS.