Using Operational Commands to Monitor a Device

The following table lists some standard directories on a Juniper Networks device.

You can view the device’s directory structure as well as individual files by issuing the file command in operational mode.

1. To get help about the file command, enter file ?:

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   user@host> file ?
   Possible completions:                                                                                                                       
     <[Enter]>            Execute this command
     archive              Archives files from the system
     change-owner         Change owner of file
     change-permission    Change permission of file
     checksum             Calculate file checksum
     compress             Compress file
     copy                 Copy files (local or remote)
     delete               Delete files from the system
     delete-directory     Delete a directory
     link                 Create link between files
     list                 List file information
     make-directory       Create a new
     make-directory       Create a new
   user@host> file    

   Help shows that the file command includes several options for manipulating files.

2. Use the list option to see the directory structure of the device. For example, to show the files located in your home directory on the device:

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   user@host> file list
   .ssh/
   common
   

   The default directory for the file list command is the home directory of the user logged in to the device. In fact, the user’s home directory is the default directory for most of the commands requiring a filename.

3. To view the contents of other file directories, specify the directory location. For example:

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   user@host> file list /config
   juniper.conf
   juniper.conf.1.gz
   juniper.conf.2.gz
   juniper.conf.3.gz
   

4. You can also use the device’s context-sensitive help system to locate a directory. For example:

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   user@host> file list /?
   Possible completions:
     <[Enter]>            Execute this command
     <path>               Path to list
     /COPYRIGHT           Size: 6355, Last changed: Feb 13 2017
     /altconfig/          Last changed: Aug 07 2017
     /altroot/            Last changed: Aug 07 2017
     /bin/                Last changed: Apr 09 22:31:35
     /boot/               Last changed: Apr 09 23:28:39
     /config/             Last changed: Apr 16 22:35:35
     /data/               Last changed: Aug 07 2017
     /dev/                Last changed: Apr 09 22:36:21
     /etc/                Last changed: Apr 11 03:14:22
     /kernel              Size: 27823246, Last changed: Aug 07 2017
     /mfs/                Last changed: Apr 09 22:36:49
     /mnt/                Last changed: Jan 11 2017
     /modules/            Last changed: Apr 09 22:33:54
     /opt/                Last changed: Apr 09 22:31:00
     /packages/           Last changed: Apr 09 22:34:38
     /proc/               Last changed: May 07 20:25:46
     /rdm.taf             Size: 498, Last changed: Apr 09 22:37:31
     /root/               Last changed: Apr 10 02:19:45
     /sbin/               Last changed: Apr 09 22:33:55
     /staging/            Last changed: Apr 09 23:28:41
     /tmp/                Last changed: Apr 11 03:14:49
     /usr/                Last changed: Apr 09 22:31:34
     /var/                Last changed: Apr 09 22:37:30
   user@host> file list /var/?
   <[Enter]>            Execute this command
     <path>               Path to list
     /var/account/        Last changed: Jul 09 2017
     /var/at/             Last changed: Jul 09 2017
     /var/backups/        Last changed: Jul 09 2017
     /var/bin/            Last changed: Jul 09 2017
     /var/crash/          Last changed: Apr 09 22:31:08
     /var/cron/           Last changed: Jul 09 2017
     /var/db/             Last changed: May 07 20:28:40
     /var/empty/          Last changed: Jul 09 2017
     /var/etc/            Last changed: Apr 16 22:35:36
     /var/heimdal/        Last changed: Jul 10 2017
     /var/home/           Last changed: Apr 09 22:59:18
     /var/jail/           Last changed: Oct 31 2017
     /var/log/            Last changed: Apr 17 02:00:10
     /var/mail/           Last changed: Jul 09 2017
     /var/msgs/           Last changed: Jul 09 2017
     /var/named/          Last changed: Jul 10 2017
     /var/packages/       Last changed: Jan 18 02:38:59
     /var/pdb/            Last changed: Oct 31 2017
     /var/preserve/       Last changed: Jul 09 2017
     /var/run/            Last changed: Apr 17 02:00:01
     /var/rundb/          Last changed: Apr 17 00:46:00
     /var/rwho/           Last changed: Jul 09 2017
     /var/sdb/            Last changed: Apr 09 22:37:31
     /var/spool/          Last changed: Jul 09 2017
     /var/sw/             Last changed: Jul 09 2017
     /var/tmp/            Last changed: Apr 09 23:28:41
     /var/transfer/       Last changed: Jul 09 2017
     /var/yp/             Last changed: Jul 09 2017
   user@host> file list /var/    

5. You can also display the contents of a file. For example:

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   user@host>file show /var/log/inventory
   Jul  9 23:17:46 CHASSISD release 8.4I0 built by builder on 2017-06-12 07:58:27 UTC
   Jul  9 23:18:05 CHASSISD release 8.4I0 built by builder on 2017-06-12 07:58:27 UTC
   Jul  9 23:18:06 Routing Engine 0 - part number 740-003239, serial number 9000016755
   Jul  9 23:18:15 Routing Engine 1 - part number 740-003239, serial number 9001018324
   Jul  9 23:19:03 SSB 0 - part number 710-001951, serial number AZ8025
   Jul  9 23:19:03 SSRAM bank 0 - part number 710-001385, serial number 243071
   Jul  9 23:19:03 SSRAM bank 1 - part number 710-001385, serial number 410608
   ...

You can include a filename in CLI commands and configuration statements such as these:

• file copy
• file archive,
• load,
• save
• set system login user
• username
• authentication
• load-key-file
• request system software add

On a routing matrix, you can include chassis information as part of the filename (for example, lcc0, lcc0-re0, or lcc0-re1).

You can specify a filename or URL in one of the following ways:

• filename—File in the user’s current directory on the local flash drive. You can use wildcards to specify multiple source files or a single destination file. Neither HTTP nor FTP supports wildcards.

  Note:

  Only the file (compare | copy | delete | list | rename | show) commands support wildcards. When you issue the file show command with a wildcard, the command must resolve to one filename.

• path/filename—File on the local flash disk.

• /var/filename or /var/path/filename—File on the local hard disk.

  You can also specify a file on a local Routing Engine for a specific T640 router on a routing matrix:

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  user@host> file delete lcc0-re0:/var/tmp/junk
  

• a:filename or a:path/filename—File on the local drive. The default path is / (the root-level directory). The removable media can be in MS-DOS or UNIX (UFS) format.

• hostname:/path/filename, hostname:filename, hostname:path/filename, or scp://hostname/path/filename—File on an scp/ssh client. This form is not available in the worldwide version of the operating system. The default path is the user’s home directory on the remote system. You can also specify hostname as username@hostname.

• ftp://hostname/path/filename—File on an FTP server. You can also specify hostname as username@hostname or username:password@hostname. The default path is the user’s home directory.

  To specify an absolute path, the path must start with %2F; for example, ftp://hostname/%2Fpath/filename.

  To have the system prompt you for the password, specify prompt in place of the password. If a password is required, and you do not specify the password or prompt, an error message is displayed:

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  user@host> file copy ftp://username@ftp.hostname.net//filename 
  file copy ftp.hostname.net: Not logged in.
  user@host> file copy ftp://username:prompt@ftp.hostname.net//filename 
  Password for username@ftp.hostname.net:

• http://hostname/path/filename—File on an HTTP server. You can also specify hostname as username@hostname or username:password@hostname. If a password is required and you omit it, you are prompted for it.

• re0:/path/filename or re1:/path/filename—File on a local Routing Engine.

  You can also specify a file on a local Routing Engine for a specific T640 router on a routing matrix:

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  user@host> show log lcc0-re1:chassisd 

To verify system operation or to begin diagnosing an error condition, you may need to display information about software processes running on the device.

To show software processes:

1. Make sure you are in operational mode.

2. Enter the show system processes extensive command. This command shows the CPU utilization on the device and lists the processes in order of CPU utilization.

The following table lists and describes the output fields included in this example. The fields are listed in alphabetical order.

To correct an error condition, you might need to restart a software process running on the device. You can use the restart command to force a restart of a software process.

To restart a software process:

1. Make sure you are in operational mode.

2. Enter the following command:

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   user@host> restart process-name < (immediately | gracefully | soft) > 
   

   • process-name is the name of the process that you want to restart. For example, routing or class-of-service. You can use the command completion feature of the system to see a list of software processes that you can restart using this command.

   • The option gracefully restarts the software process after performing clean-up tasks.

   • The option immediately restarts the software process without performing any clean-up tasks.

   • The option soft rereads and reactivates the configuration without completely restarting the software processes. For example, BGP peers stay up and the routing table stays constant.

The following example shows how to restart the routing process:

user@host> restart routing 
Routing protocol daemon started, pid 751 

When a process restarts, the process identifier (PID) is updated.

Figure 1: Restarting a Process

You must stop the software on a device through a direct console connection, not through the network. As the software shuts down, the network will go down, and if you were connected that way, you will not see the results output.

To stop the software:

1. Make sure you are in operational mode.

2. Enter the request system halt command. This command stops all system processes and halts the operating system. For example:

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   user@host> request system halt 
   Halt the system? [yes,no] (no)  yes  
   shutdown: [pid 3110]
   Shutdown NOW!
   *** FINAL System shutdown message from root@host *** 
   System going down IMMEDIATELY 
   user@host> Dec 17 17:28:40 init: syslogd (PID 2514) exited with status=0 Normal Exit
   Waiting (max 60 seconds) for system process `bufdaemon' to stop...stopped
   Waiting (max 60 seconds) for system process `syncer' to stop...stopped 
   syncing disks... 4 
   done
   Uptime: 3h31m41s
   ata0: resetting devices.. done 
   The operating system has halted.
   Please press any key to reboot. 
   

After a software upgrade or to recover (occasionally) from an error condition, you must reboot the software. As with the shutdown command, you must reboot through a direct console connection otherwise you will not see the command output when the network goes down during the reboot process.

To reboot the software:

1. Make sure you are in operational mode.

2. Enter the request system reboot command. This command displays the final stages of the system shutdown and executes the reboot. Reboot requests are recorded to the system log files, which you can view with the show log messages command. For example:

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   user@host>request system rebootReboot the system? [yes,no] (no)yes 

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   shutdown: [pid 845]
   Shutdown NOW! 
   *** FINAL System shutdown message from root@host *** 
   System going down IMMEDIATELY 
   user@host> Dec 17 17:34:20 init: syslogd (PID 409) exited with status=0 Normal Exit
   Waiting (max 60 seconds) for system process `bufdaemon' to stop...stopped
   Waiting (max 60 seconds) for system process `syncer' to stop...stopped 
   syncing disks... 10 6 
   done
   Uptime: 2m45s
   ata0: resetting devices.. done
   Rebooting...