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Maintain MX304 Interface Modules

Maintain LMICs

Purpose

The router can have up to three LMICs mounted horizontally in the card cage at the front of the chassis. For optimum router performance, verify the condition of the LMICs.

Action

On a regular basis:

  • Check the OK/FAIL LED on the LMIC. If the LMIC detects a failure, the LMIC sends an alarm message to the Routing Engine.

  • Issue the show chassis fpc CLI command to check the status of installed LMICs. As shown in the sample output, the value Online in the column labeled State indicates that the LMIC is functioning normally:

    For more detailed output, add the detail option. The following example does not specify a slot number, which is optional:

  • Issue the show chassis fpc mic-status CLI command to check the status of the LMICs whenever you take the LMIC offline or online to ensure that the operation has completed before performing any further actions on the LMIC.

  • Issue the show chassis fpc pic-status CLI command.

    Note: For any LMIC-related operations such as LMIC insertion or removal, use the show chassis fpc mic-status command to check the status of the LMICs.

For further description of the output from the command, see the CLI Explorer.

Replace an MX304 LMIC

Note:

On the MX304 router, all the LMICs are removable. You can have up to three LMICs in the router.

The LMICs are located on the front side of the router. A typical LMIC weighs around 6.17 lb (2.8 kg). They are hot-swappable and can be gracefully removed and inserted using the CLI without impacting the other operational LMICs.

During the LMIC offline and online process:

  • All subscribers hosted on the PFE are terminated, and their flows are deleted, except when redundancy is provided by an alternate PFE. DHCP subscribers remain connected even when the PFE is taken offline. When the LMIC comes back online, the pre-existing DHCP subscriber functionalities resume. Subscribers and flows are retained when an alternate PFE provides redundancy. See Subscriber Management Redundancy for PFE During Graceful OIR for more information.

  • Port mirroring reacts to the hot-swap of LMICs in the following ways:

    • If the Packet Forwarding Engine (PFE) hosting the output mirroring destination interface (MDI) goes offline, traffic from the input mirroring interface is not mirrored. Mirroring resumes when the PFE hosting the MDI comes back online.

    • In a port-mirroring next-hop-group or next-hop-subgroup scenario, if a PFE hosting MDIs goes offline, the MDIs associated with the offline PFE are pruned from the member list. Those associated MDIs are added back to the member list when the PFE hosting the MDIs comes back online.

    • If the PFE hosting the mirroring interface goes offline, traffic entering, leaving, and mirrored at the interface stops. Ingress and egress mainline traffic and mirroring resume when the PFE hosting the mirroring interface comes back online.

  • Monitoring services such as inline active flow monitoring, inline monitoring services, video monitoring, Routing-Engine-based sampling, and FlowTapLite gracefully stop and restart when you take the LMIC offline and bring it back online.

Use the instructions in the following sections to remove and insert an LMIC on the MX304 router:

Remove an MX304 LMIC

To remove a LMIC (see Figure 1):

  1. Place an electrostatic bag or antistatic mat on a flat, stable surface to receive the LMIC. If the LMIC connects to a fiber-optic cable, have a rubber safety cap for each transceiver and cable ready.
  2. Attach an electrostatic discharge (ESD) grounding strap to your bare wrist, and connect the strap to one of the ESD points on the chassis.
  3. Check the status of the LMIC using the following CLI command:
  4. If the LMIC is shown as online, you can take the LMIC offline using one of the following methods:

    • Method 1: Issue the following CLI command:

      A delay of 120 seconds is required between consecutive requests. If an LMIC online/offline process is initiated within this period, the request will fail with the error message: FPC 0 MIC <mic-slot-number> throttling too frequent offline and online requests, please try after <number-of-seconds> seconds.

    • Method 2: Add and commit the following configuration statement:

      If a commit includes multiple LMICs or separate commits, each LMIC undergoes the online/offline process sequentially.

      When you try to commit back-to-back changes for the same LMIC before an ongoing online/offline process is completed, the system performs the last committed action and ignores the intermediate actions.

    Check the status of the LMIC using the show chassis fpc mic-status command. Wait until the LMIC status is offline. If you try to begin another LMIC online/offline process while an LMIC online/offline process is in progress, the system will display the error message: MIC <mic-slot-number> is in transition, try again.

    Important: In addition to referring the LED status on the LMIC, always check the output of the show chassis fpc mic-status command to make sure that the LMIC is offline.
    Note:

    The FPC will go offline when all LMICs are removed or powered off. To bring the FPC online:

    1. Ensure that at least one LMIC is inserted and the set chassis fpc 0 mic mic-slot-number power off configuration is deleted.

    2. Issue the request chassis fpc 0 <restart | online> command.

    For more information on these commands, see the CLI Explorer.

  5. Label the cables connected to the LMIC so that you can later reconnect each cable to the correct LMIC.
  6. Disconnect the cables from the LMIC. If the LMIC uses fiber-optic cable, immediately cover each transceiver and the end of each cable with a rubber safety cap.
    Laser Warning:

    Do not look directly into a fiber-optic transceiver or into the ends of fiber-optic cables. Fiber-optic transceivers and fiber-optic cable connected to a transceiver emit laser light that can damage your eyes.
    CAUTION:

    Do not leave a fiber-optic transceiver uncovered except when inserting or removing cable. The safety cap keeps the port clean and prevents accidental exposure to laser light.
  7. Arrange the cable to prevent it from falling out or developing stress points. Secure the cable so that it does not support its own weight as it hangs to the floor. Place excess cable out of the way in a neatly coiled loop.
    CAUTION:

    Avoid bending fiber-optic cable beyond its minimum bend radius. An arc smaller than a few inches in diameter can damage the cable and cause problems that are difficult to diagnose.
  8. Hold the knob lock at the touch point and pull outwards to rotate it up. See Figure 1.
  9. Grasp the handles on the LMIC faceplate, turn them anti-clockwise and slide the LMIC out of the chassis. Place it in the electrostatic bag or on the antistatic mat.
  10. If you are not reinstalling an LMIC into the emptied LMIC slot within a short time, install a blank LMIC panel over the slot to maintain proper airflow in the chassis.
    Figure 1: Remove an MX304 LMIC Remove an MX304 LMIC
      1
    —

    Hold the knob lock and lift it up.

      2
    —

    Turn handles anti-clockwise and remove the LMIC.

Install an MX304 LMIC

To install an LMIC (see Figure 2):

  1. Attach an electrostatic discharge (ESD) grounding strap to your bare wrist, and connect the strap to one of the ESD points on the chassis.
  2. If the LMIC uses fiber-optic cable, verify that a rubber safety cap is over each transceiver on the faceplate. Install a cap if necessary.
    Note: If you are installing one LMIC, we recommend you to plug it in the LMIC0 slot If you are installing two LMICs, we recommend you use slots LMIC0 and LMIC1.
  3. Align the rear of the LMIC with the guides located at the corners of the LMIC slot.
  4. Grasp and press both the LMIC ejector handles inward, and slide the LMIC until the ejectors latch into the chassis. Turn the ejector handles clock-wise to lock it.
    CAUTION:

    Slide the LMIC straight into the slot to avoid damaging the components on the LMIC.
  5. Hold the knob lock and pull it downwards. Press it down to lock. See Figure 2.
    Figure 2: Install an MX304 LMIC Install an MX304 LMIC
      1
    —

    Insert the LMIC in the chassis and turn the ejector handles clock-wise.

      2
    —

    Pull the knob lock down and press to lock in place.
  6. Verify that the ejector lever is engaged properly by pushing it toward the LMIC faceplate.
  7. If the LMIC uses fiber-optic cable, remove the rubber safety cap from each transceiver and the end of each cable.
    Laser Warning:

    Do not look directly into a fiber-optic transceiver or into the ends of fiber-optic cables. Fiber-optic transceivers and fiber-optic cable connected to a transceiver emit laser light that can damage your eyes.
    CAUTION:

    Do not leave a fiber-optic transceiver uncovered except when inserting or removing cable. The safety cap keeps the port clean and prevents accidental exposure to laser light.
  8. Insert the appropriate cables into the cable connectors on the LMIC.
  9. Arrange each cable to prevent the cable from dislodging or developing stress points. Secure the cable so that it does not support its own weight as it hangs to the floor. Place excess cable out of the way in a neatly coiled loop.
    CAUTION:

    Do not let a fiber-optic cable hang free from the connector. Do not allow fastened loops of cable to dangle. This stresses the cable at the fastening point.
    CAUTION:

    Avoid bending fiber-optic cable beyond its minimum bend radius. An arc smaller than a few inches in diameter can damage the cable and cause problems that are difficult to diagnose.
  10. Check if the newly inserted LMIC is detected using the following CLI command:

    If detected, the LMIC will be displayed along with its serial number.

  11. Bring the LMIC online using one of the following methods:

    • Method 1: Issue the following CLI command:

      Note:

      This command will not execute if the set chassis fpc 0 mic mic-slot-number power off configuration statement exists.

      If you try to begin another LMIC online/offline process while an LMIC online/offline is in progress, the system will display the error message: MIC <mic-slot-number> is in transition, try again.

      A delay of 120 seconds is required between consecutive requests. If an LMIC online/offline process is initiated within this period, the request will fail with the error message: FPC 0 MIC <mic-slot-number> throttling too frequent offline and online requests, please try after <number-of-seconds> seconds.

    • Method 2: If exists, remove and commit the following configuration statement:

      Removing this statement and committing the configuration will trigger the LMIC at the specified LMIC slot to power on.

      If a commit includes multiple LMICs or separate commits, each LMIC undergoes the online/offline process sequentially.

      When you try to commit back-to-back changes for the same LMIC before an ongoing online/offline process is completed, the system performs the last committed action and ignores the intermediate actions.

    Check the status of the LMIC using the show chassis fpc mic-status command. Wait until the LMIC status is online before performing any further actions on the LMIC. If you try to begin another LMIC online/offline process while an LMIC online/offline process is in progress, the system will display the error message: MIC <mic-slot-number> is in transition, try again.

    Important: In addition to referring the LED status on the LMIC, always check the output of the show chassis fpc mic-status command to make sure that the LMIC is online.
    Note:

    The FPC will go offline when all LMICs are removed or powered off. To bring the FPC online:

    1. Ensure that at least one LMIC is inserted and the set chassis fpc 0 mic mic-slot-number power off configuration is deleted.

    2. Issue the request chassis fpc 0 <restart | online> command.

    For more information on these commands, see the CLI Explorer.

See Also

Maintain Cables That Connect to LMICs

Purpose

For optimum router performance, verify the condition of the cables that connect to the LMICs.

Action

On a regular basis:

  • Use the cable management brackets to support cables and prevent cables from coming unplugged or developing stress points.

  • Place excess cable out of the way in the cable management brackets. Do not allow fastened loops of cable to dangle from the connector or cable management brackets, because this stresses the cable at the fastening point. Putting fasteners on the loops helps to maintain their shape.

  • Keep the cable connections clean and free of dust and other particles, which can cause drops in the received power level. Always inspect cables and clean them if necessary before connecting an interface.

  • Label both ends of the cables to identify them.

The following guidelines apply specifically to fiber-optic cables:

  • When you unplug a fiber-optic cable, always place a rubber safety plug over the transceiver on the faceplate and on the end of the cable.

  • Anchor fiber-optic cables to avoid stress on the connectors. Be sure to secure fiber-optic cables so that they do not support their own weight as they hang to the floor. Never let fiber-optic cable hang free from the connector.

  • Avoid bending fiber-optic cable beyond its bend radius. An arc smaller than a few inches can damage the cable and cause problems that are difficult to diagnose.

  • Frequent plugging and unplugging of fiber-optic cable into and out of optical instruments can cause damage to the instruments and is expensive to repair. Instead, attach a short fiber extension to the optical equipment. Any wear and tear due to frequent plugging and unplugging is then absorbed by the short fiber extension, which is easy and inexpensive to replace.

  • Keep fiber-optic cable connections clean. Small microdeposits of oil and dust in the canal of the transceiver or cable connector could cause loss of light, reducing signal power and possibly causing intermittent problems with the optical connection.

    To clean the transceivers, use an appropriate fiber-cleaning device, such as RIFOCS Fiber Optic Adaptor Cleaning Wands (part number 946). Follow the directions for the cleaning kit you use.

    After you clean an optical transceiver, make sure that the connector tip of the fiber-optic cable is clean. Use only an approved alcohol-free fiber-optic cable cleaning kit, such as the Opptex Cletop-S Fiber Cleaner. Follow the directions for the cleaning kit you use.

Replace a Cable on an MX304 LMIC

Remove a Cable on an LMIC

Removing and installing cables on an LMIC does not affect router function.

To remove a cable:

  1. Have ready a rubber safety cap for each fiber-optic cable and transceiver.
  2. (Recommended) Disable the port in which the transceiver is installed by using the disable statement at the [edit interfaces] hierarchy level for the specific interface.
    Laser Warning:

    Do not look directly into a fiber-optic transceiver or into the ends of fiber-optic cables. Fiber-optic transceivers and fiber-optic cables connected to a transceiver emit laser light that can damage your eyes.
    CAUTION:

    Do not leave a fiber-optic transceiver uncovered, except when you are inserting or removing cable. The safety cap keeps the port clean and protects your eyes from accidental exposure to laser light.
  3. Disconnect the cable from the cable connector port. If the component uses fiber-optic cable, immediately cover each transceiver and the end of each cable with a rubber safety cap.
  4. Remove the cable from the cable management brackets.
  5. Disconnect the cable from the destination port.

Install a Cable on an LMIC

To install a cable:

  1. Have ready a length of the type of cable used by the LMIC.
  2. If the cable connector port is covered by a rubber safety plug, remove the plug.
    Laser Warning:

    Do not look directly into a fiber-optic transceiver or into the ends of fiber-optic cables. Fiber-optic transceivers and fiber-optic cables connected to a transceiver emit laser light that can damage your eyes.
    CAUTION:

    Do not leave a fiber-optic transceiver uncovered, except when you are inserting or removing cable. The safety cap keeps the port clean and protects your eyes from accidental exposure to laser light.
  3. Insert the cable connector into the cable connector port on the component faceplate.
  4. Arrange the cable in the cable management brackets to prevent it from dislodging or developing stress points. Secure the cable so that it is not supporting its own weight as it hangs to the floor. Place excess cable out of the way in a neatly coiled loop. Placing fasteners on the loop helps to maintain its shape.
    CAUTION:

    Do not let fiber-optic cables hang free from the connector. Do not allow the fastened loops of a cable to dangle, which stresses the cable at the fastening point.
    CAUTION:

    Do not bend a fiber-optic cable beyond its minimum bend radius. An arc smaller than a few inches in diameter can damage the cable and cause problems that are difficult to diagnose.
  5. Insert the other end of the cable into the destination port.
  6. Repeat the previous steps for any additional cables.

See Also

Replace an SFP, SFP+, or QSFP+ Transceiver

The transceivers for Juniper Networks devices are hot-removable and hot-insertable field-replaceable units (FRUs). You can remove and replace them without powering off the device or disrupting the device functions.

Remove a Transceiver

Before you begin removing a transceiver from a device, ensure that you have taken the necessary precautions for the safe handling of lasers (see Laser and LED Safety Guidelines and Warnings).

Ensure that you have the following parts and tools available:

  • An antistatic bag or an antistatic mat

  • Rubber safety caps to cover the transceiver and fiber-optic cable connector

  • A dust cover to cover the port or a replacement transceiver

Note:

After you remove a transceiver or when you change the media-type configuration, wait for 6  seconds for the interface to display the operational commands.

To remove a transceiver:

  1. Place the antistatic bag or antistatic mat on a flat, stable surface.
  2. Wrap and fasten one end of the ESD grounding strap around your bare wrist, and connect the other end of the strap to an ESD point.
  3. Label the cables connected to the transceiver so that you can reconnect them correctly later.
  4. Remove the cable connected to the transceiver (see Disconnect a Fiber-Optic Cable). Cover the transceiver and the end of each fiber-optic cable connector with a rubber safety cap immediately after disconnecting the fiber-optic cables.
    Laser Warning:

    Do not look directly into a fiber-optic transceiver or into the ends of fiber-optic cables. Fiber-optic transceivers and fiber-optic cables connected to a transceiver emit laser light that can damage your eyes.

    Laser Warning:

    Do not leave a fiber-optic transceiver uncovered except when inserting or removing a cable. The rubber safety cap keeps the port clean and prevents accidental exposure to laser light.

  5. If there is a cable management system, arrange the cable in the cable management system to prevent it from dislodging or developing stress points. Secure the cable so that it does not support its own weight as it hangs to the floor. Place excess cable out of the way in a neatly coiled loop in the cable management system. Placing fasteners on the loop helps to maintain its shape.
    CAUTION:

    Do not bend the fiber-optic cable beyond its minimum bend radius. An arc smaller than a few inches in diameter can damage the cable and cause problems that are difficult to diagnose.

  6. By using your fingers, pull open the ejector lever on the transceiver to unlock the transceiver.
    CAUTION:

    Ensure that you open the ejector handle completely until you hear it click. Doing this prevents damage to the transceiver.

    Figure 3 shows how to remove an SFP transceiver. The procedure is the same for SFP+ and QSFP+ transceivers.

    Figure 3: Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP) TransceiverSmall Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP) Transceiver
  7. Grasp the transceiver ejector handle, and pull the transceiver approximately 0.5 in. (1.3  cm) out of the interface port.
  8. Using your fingers, grasp the body of the transceiver, and pull it the rest of the way out of the interface port.
  9. Place a rubber safety cap over the transceiver.
  10. Place the removed transceiver on an antistatic mat or in an electrostatic bag.
  11. Place the dust cover over the empty port or install the replacement transceiver.
CAUTION:

After removing a transceiver from the chassis, wait at least 30 seconds before reinserting it or inserting a transceiver into a different slot.

Install a Transceiver

Before you begin to install a transceiver in a device, ensure that you have taken the necessary precautions for safe handling of lasers (see Laser and LED Safety Guidelines and Warnings).

Ensure that you have a rubber safety cap available to cover the transceiver.

Note:

After you insert a transceiver or after you change the media-type configuration, wait for 6  seconds for the interface to display operational commands.

Note:

We recommend that you use only optical transceivers and optical connectors purchased from Juniper Networks with your Juniper Networks device.

CAUTION:

The Juniper Networks Technical Assistance Center (JTAC) provides complete support for Juniper-supplied optical modules and cables. However, JTAC does not provide support for third-party optical modules and cables that are not qualified or supplied by Juniper Networks. If you face a problem running a Juniper device that uses third-party optical modules or cables, JTAC may help you diagnose host-related issues if the observed issue is not, in the opinion of JTAC, related to the use of the third-party optical modules or cables. Your JTAC engineer will likely request that you check the third-party optical module or cable and, if required, replace it with an equivalent Juniper-qualified component.

Use of third-party optical modules with high-power consumption (for example, coherent ZR or ZR+) can potentially cause thermal damage to or reduce the lifespan of the host equipment. Any damage to the host equipment due to the use of third-party optical modules or cables is the users’ responsibility. Juniper Networks will accept no liability for any damage caused due to such use.

To install a transceiver:

  1. Attach an ESD grounding strap to your bare wrist, and connect the other end of the strap to an ESD grounding point.
  2. Remove the transceiver from its bag.
  3. Verify that each transceiver is covered by a rubber safety cap. If it is not, cover the transceiver with a safety cap.
    Laser Warning:

    Do not leave a fiber-optic transceiver uncovered except when inserting or removing a cable. The rubber safety cap keeps the port clean and prevents accidental exposure to laser light.

  4. Using both hands, carefully place the transceiver in the empty port. The connectors must face the chassis.
    CAUTION:

    Before you slide the transceiver into the port, ensure that the transceiver is aligned correctly. Misalignment might cause the pins to bend, making the transceiver unusable.

  5. Slide in the transceiver until it is fully seated. If you are unable to fully insert the transceiver, ensure that the connector is facing the right way.
    Figure 4: Install a TransceiverInstall a Transceiver
      1
    —

    Ejector lever

    		 
  6. Close the ejector handle of the transceiver.
  7. Remove the rubber safety cap from the transceiver and from the end of the cable. Insert the cable into the transceiver.
    Laser Warning:

    Do not look directly into a fiber-optic transceiver or into the ends of fiber-optic cables. Fiber-optic transceivers and fiber-optic cables connected to a transceiver emit laser light that can damage your eyes.

Replace a QSFP28 Transceiver

28-Gbps quad small form-factor pluggable (QSFP28) transceivers are hot-insertable and hot-removable. Removing a QSFP28 transceiver does not interrupt router functioning, but the removed QSFP28 transceiver no longer receives or transmits data.

Remove a QSFP28 Transceiver

Before you begin to remove a transceiver from a device, ensure that you have taken the necessary precautions for safe handling of lasers (see Laser and LED Safety Guidelines and Warnings).

Ensure that you have the following parts and tools available:

  • An antistatic bag or an antistatic mat

  • Rubber safety caps to cover the transceiver and fiber-optic cable connector

  • A dust cover to cover the port or a replacement transceiver

The transceivers for Juniper Networks devices are hot-removable and hot-insertable field-replaceable units (FRUs). You can remove and replace them without powering off the device or disrupting the device functions.

Note:

After you insert a transceiver or after you change the media-type configuration, wait for 6 seconds for the interface to display operational commands.

Note:

We recommend that you use only optical transceivers and optical connectors purchased from Juniper Networks with your Juniper Networks device.

To remove a QSFP28 transceiver (see Figure 5):

  1. Place an electrostatic bag or antistatic mat on a flat, stable surface to receive the QSFP28 transceiver. Have ready a rubber safety cap for the QSFP28 transceiver and the cable.
  2. Wrap and fasten one end of the ESD grounding strap around your bare wrist, and connect the other end of the strap to an ESD point.
  3. Label the cable connected to the QSFP28 transceiver so that you can later reconnect the cable to the correct QSFP28 transceiver.
  4. Disconnect the cable from the transceiver. Immediately cover the transceiver and the end of the cable with a rubber safety cap.
    Laser Warning:

    Do not look directly into a fiber-optic transceiver or into the ends of fiber-optic cables. Fiber-optic transceivers and fiber-optic cable connected to a transceiver emit laser light that can damage your eyes.

    CAUTION:

    Do not leave a fiber-optic transceiver uncovered, except when inserting or removing a cable. The safety cap keeps the port clean and protects your eyes from accidental exposure to laser light.

  5. If there is a cable management system, arrange the cable in the cable management system to prevent it from dislodging or developing stress points. Secure the cable so that it does not support its own weight as it hangs to the floor. Place excess cable out of the way in a neatly coiled loop in the cable management system. Placing fasteners on the loop helps to maintain its shape.
    CAUTION:

    Avoid bending the fiber-optic cable beyond its minimum bend radius. An arc smaller than a few inches in diameter can damage the cable and cause problems that are difficult to diagnose.

  6. Pull the transceiver’s rubber handle straight back.

    The locking pins on the transceiver automatically releases the transceiver.

    Figure 5: 28-Gbps Quad Small Form-Factor Pluggable (QSFP28) Transceiver28-Gbps Quad Small Form-Factor Pluggable (QSFP28) Transceiver
  7. Place the transceiver on the antistatic mat or in the electrostatic bag.
  8. Place the dust cover over the empty port or install the replacement transceiver.

Install a QSFP28 Transceiver

Before you begin to install a transceiver in a device, ensure that you have taken the necessary precautions for safe handling of lasers (see Laser and LED Safety Guidelines and Warnings).

Ensure that you have a rubber safety cap available to cover the transceiver.

The transceivers for Juniper Networks devices are hot-removable and hot-insertable field-replaceable units (FRUs): You can remove and replace them without powering off the device or disrupting the device functions.

Note:

After you insert a transceiver or after you change the media-type configuration, wait for 6  seconds for the interface to display operational commands.

Note:

We recommend that you use only optical transceivers and optical connectors purchased from Juniper Networks with your Juniper Networks device.

CAUTION:

The Juniper Networks Technical Assistance Center (JTAC) provides complete support for Juniper-supplied optical modules and cables. However, JTAC does not provide support for third-party optical modules and cables that are not qualified or supplied by Juniper Networks. If you face a problem running a Juniper device that uses third-party optical modules or cables, JTAC may help you diagnose host-related issues if the observed issue is not, in the opinion of JTAC, related to the use of the third-party optical modules or cables. Your JTAC engineer will likely request that you check the third-party optical module or cable and, if required, replace it with an equivalent Juniper-qualified component.

Use of third-party optical modules with high-power consumption (for example, coherent ZR or ZR+) can potentially cause thermal damage to or reduce the lifespan of the host equipment. Any damage to the host equipment due to the use of third-party optical modules or cables is the users’ responsibility. Juniper Networks will accept no liability for any damage caused due to such use.

To install a replacement QSFP28 transceiver (see Figure 6):

  1. Wrap and fasten one end of the ESD grounding strap around your bare wrist, and connect the other end of the strap to an ESD point.
  2. Verify that a rubber safety cap covers the QSFP28 transceiver. If it is not, cover the transceiver with a safety cap.
  3. Orient the transceiver in front of the port so that the QSFP28 connector faces the appropriate direction.
    Figure 6: Install a QSFP28 TransceiverInstall a QSFP28 Transceiver
  4. Slide the transceiver into the slot until the locking pins lock in place. If there is resistance, remove the transceiver and flip it so that the connector faces the other direction.
  5. Remove the rubber safety cap from the transceiver and from the end of the cable, and insert the cable into the transceiver.
    Laser Warning:

    Do not look directly into a fiber-optic transceiver or into the ends of fiber-optic cables. Fiber-optic transceivers and fiber-optic cable connected to a transceiver emit laser light that can damage your eyes.

    CAUTION:

    Do not leave a fiber-optic transceiver uncovered, except when inserting or removing a cable. The safety cap keeps the port clean and protects your eyes from accidental exposure to laser light.

  6. If there is a cable management system, arrange the cable in the cable management system to prevent the cable from dislodging or developing stress points. Secure the cable so that it does not support its own weight as it hangs to the floor. Place excess cable out of the way in a neatly coiled loop in the cable management system. Placing fasteners on the loop helps to maintain its shape.
    CAUTION:

    Do not let the fiber-optic cable hang free from the connector. Do not allow fastened loops of the cable to dangle, which stresses the cable at the fastening point.

    CAUTION:

    Avoid bending the fiber-optic cable beyond its minimum bend radius. An arc smaller than a few inches in diameter can damage the cable and cause problems that are difficult to diagnose.

  7. Verify that the status LEDs on the router indicate that the QSFP28 transceiver is functioning correctly. You can also verify that the interface port is functioning by running the show chassis fpc pic-status command.

Replace a QSFP56-DD Transceiver

400-Gbps quad small form-factor pluggable (QSFP56-DD) transceivers are hot-insertable and hot-removable. The transceivers have four optical lanes that operate at 100Gbps PAM4 modulation, providing solutions up to 400 Gbps. They are compliant with the QSFP-DD MSA (DD = Double Density). Removing a QSFP56-DD transceiver does not interrupt router functioning, but the removed QSFP56-DD transceiver no longer receives or transmits data.

Remove a QSFP56-DD Transceiver

Before you begin to remove a transceiver from a device, ensure that you have taken the necessary precautions for safe handling of lasers (see Laser and LED Safety Guidelines and Warnings).

Ensure that you have the following parts and tools available:

  • An antistatic bag or an antistatic mat

  • Rubber safety caps to cover the transceiver and fiber-optic cable connector

  • A dust cover to cover the port or a replacement transceiver

The transceivers for Juniper Networks devices are hot-removable and hot-insertable field-replaceable units (FRUs). You can remove and replace them without powering off the device or disrupting the device functions.

Note:

After you insert a transceiver or after you change the media-type configuration, wait for 6 seconds for the interface to display operational commands.
Note:

We recommend that you use only optical transceivers and optical connectors purchased from Juniper Networks with your Juniper Networks device.

To remove a QSFP56-DD transceiver (see Figure 7 ):

  1. Place an electrostatic bag or antistatic mat on a flat, stable surface to receive the QSFP56-DD transceiver. Have ready a rubber safety cap for the QSFP56-DD transceiver and the cable.
  2. Wrap and fasten one end of the ESD grounding strap around your bare wrist, and connect the other end of the strap to an ESD point.
  3. Label the cable connected to the QSFP56-DD transceiver so that you can later reconnect the cable to the correct QSFP56-DD transceiver.
  4. Disconnect the cable from the transceiver. Immediately cover the transceiver and the end of the cable with a rubber safety cap.
    Laser Warning:

    Do not look directly into a fiber-optic transceiver or into the ends of fiber-optic cables. Fiber-optic transceivers and fiber-optic cable connected to a transceiver emit laser light that can damage your eyes.
    CAUTION:

    Do not leave a fiber-optic transceiver uncovered, except when inserting or removing a cable. The safety cap keeps the port clean and protects your eyes from accidental exposure to laser light.
  5. If there is a cable management system, arrange the cable in the cable management system to prevent it from dislodging or developing stress points. Secure the cable so that it does not support its own weight as it hangs to the floor. Place excess cable out of the way in a neatly coiled loop in the cable management system. Placing fasteners on the loop helps to maintain its shape.
    CAUTION:

    Avoid bending the fiber-optic cable beyond its minimum bend radius. An arc smaller than a few inches in diameter can damage the cable and cause problems that are difficult to diagnose.
  6. Pull the transceiver’s rubber handle straight back.

    The locking pins on the transceiver automatically releases the transceiver.

    Figure 7: 400-Gbps Quad Small Form-Factor Pluggable (QSFP56-DD) Transceiver 400-Gbps Quad Small Form-Factor Pluggable (QSFP56-DD) Transceiver
  7. Place the transceiver on the antistatic mat or in the electrostatic bag.
  8. Place the dust cover over the empty port or install the replacement transceiver.

Install a QSFP56-DD Transceiver

Before you begin to install a transceiver in a device, ensure that you have taken the necessary precautions for safe handling of lasers (see Laser and LED Safety Guidelines and Warnings).

Ensure that you have a rubber safety cap available to cover the transceiver.

The transceivers for Juniper Networks devices are hot-removable and hot-insertable field-replaceable units (FRUs): You can remove and replace them without powering off the device or disrupting the device functions.

Note:

After you insert a transceiver or after you change the media-type configuration, wait for 6  seconds for the interface to display operational commands.
Note:

We recommend that you use only optical transceivers and optical connectors purchased from Juniper Networks with your Juniper Networks device.
CAUTION:

The Juniper Networks Technical Assistance Center (JTAC) provides complete support for Juniper-supplied optical modules and cables. However, JTAC does not provide support for third-party optical modules and cables that are not qualified or supplied by Juniper Networks. If you face a problem running a Juniper device that uses third-party optical modules or cables, JTAC may help you diagnose host-related issues if the observed issue is not, in the opinion of JTAC, related to the use of the third-party optical modules or cables. Your JTAC engineer will likely request that you check the third-party optical module or cable and, if required, replace it with an equivalent Juniper-qualified component.

Use of third-party optical modules with high-power consumption (for example, coherent ZR or ZR+) can potentially cause thermal damage to or reduce the lifespan of the host equipment. Any damage to the host equipment due to the use of third-party optical modules or cables is the users’ responsibility. Juniper Networks will accept no liability for any damage caused due to such use.

To install a replacement QSFP56-DD transceiver (see Figure 7):

  1. Wrap and fasten one end of the ESD grounding strap around your bare wrist, and connect the other end of the strap to an ESD point.
  2. Verify that a rubber safety cap covers the QSFP56-DD transceiver. If it is not, cover the transceiver with a safety cap.
  3. Orient the transceiver in front of the port so that the QSFP56-DD connector faces the appropriate direction.
    Figure 8: 400-Gbps Quad Small Form-Factor Pluggable (QSFP56-DD) Transceiver 400-Gbps Quad Small Form-Factor Pluggable (QSFP56-DD) Transceiver
  4. Slide the transceiver into the slot until the locking pins lock in place. If there is resistance, remove the transceiver and flip it so that the connector faces the other direction.
  5. Remove the rubber safety cap from the transceiver and from the end of the cable, and insert the cable into the transceiver.
    Laser Warning:

    Do not look directly into a fiber-optic transceiver or into the ends of fiber-optic cables. Fiber-optic transceivers and fiber-optic cable connected to a transceiver emit laser light that can damage your eyes.
    CAUTION:

    Do not leave a fiber-optic transceiver uncovered, except when inserting or removing a cable. The safety cap keeps the port clean and protects your eyes from accidental exposure to laser light.
  6. If there is a cable management system, arrange the cable in the cable management system to prevent the cable from dislodging or developing stress points. Secure the cable so that it does not support its own weight as it hangs to the floor. Place excess cable out of the way in a neatly coiled loop in the cable management system. Placing fasteners on the loop helps to maintain its shape.
    CAUTION:

    Do not let the fiber-optic cable hang free from the connector. Do not allow fastened loops of the cable to dangle, which stresses the cable at the fastening point.
    CAUTION:

    Avoid bending the fiber-optic cable beyond its minimum bend radius. An arc smaller than a few inches in diameter can damage the cable and cause problems that are difficult to diagnose.
  7. Verify that the status LEDs on the router indicate that the QSFP56-DD transceiver is functioning correctly. You can also verify that the interface port is functioning by running the show chassis fpc pic-status command.

Maintain Active Optical Cables

An active optical cable (AOC) is an optical fiber cable that has a transceiver preattached to each end.

Disconnect an Active Optical Cable

Before you disconnect an active optical cable (AOC) from a device, ensure that you have taken the necessary precautions for safe handling of laser (see Laser and LED Safety Guidelines and Warnings).

Ensure that you have the following parts and tools available:

  • An antistatic bag or an antistatic mat to store the cable, if you are disconnecting the cable from all the ports it is connected to

  • Rubber safety caps to cover the ports on the device, or a replacement cable

  • Rubber safety caps to cover the transceivers at the ends of the cable

  • An electrostatic discharge (ESD) grounding strap—not provided

To disconnect an active optical cable:

  1. Disable the port to which the cable is connected by issuing the following command:
  2. Place the antistatic bag or antistatic mat on a flat, stable surface if you are disconnecting the cable from both the ports it is connected to.
  3. Wrap and fasten one end of the ESD wrist strap around your bare wrist, and connect the other end of the strap to a site ESD point.
  4. Label the cable so that you can reconnect it correctly.
    CAUTION:

    Do not leave the transceivers at the ends of the cable uncovered except when connecting or disconnecting the cable. The rubber safety cap keeps the transceivers clean and protected.

    Do not bend the cables beyond their minimum bend radius. An arc smaller than a few inches in diameter can damage the cables and cause problems that are difficult to diagnose.

    Do not let the cables hang free from the connector. Do not allow fastened loops of cables to dangle, which stresses the cables at the fastening point.

  5. By using your fingers, pull the tab on the transceiver attached to the cable to disengage it.
    Figure 9: Disconnect an SFP28 or SFP+ Active Optical Cable Disconnect an SFP28 or SFP+ Active Optical Cable
      1
    —

    Tab to pull the transceiver

      2
    —

    Port on the device
    Figure 10: Disconnect a QSFP28 or QSFP+ Active Optical Cable Disconnect a QSFP28 or QSFP+ Active Optical Cable
      1
    —

    Tab to pull the transceiver

      2
    —

    Port on the device
  6. Grasp the transceiver and gently slide it approximately 0.5 in. (1.3 cm) straight out of the port.
    CAUTION:

    To prevent ESD damage to the transceiver, do not touch the connector pins at the end of the transceiver.

  7. By using your fingers, grasp the body of the transceiver and pull it straight out of the port.
  8. Cover the transceiver with a rubber safety cap.
  9. If you are disconnecting the cable from both the ports it is connected to, place the cable in the antistatic bag or on the antistatic mat placed on a flat, stable surface.

The procedure to disconnect other types of AOCs, other than direct attach AOCs, is the same as the procedure described in this topic.

Connect an Active Optical Cable

Before you connect an AOC to a device, ensure that you have taken the necessary precautions for safe handling of lasers (see Laser and LED Safety Guidelines and Warnings).

CAUTION:

To prevent electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage to the transceiver, do not touch the connector pins at the end of the transceiver.

Ensure that you have an ESD grounding strap (not provided).

Note:

After you connect a cable or after you change the media-type configuration, wait for 6 seconds for the interface to display operational commands.

Note:

We recommend that you use only cables purchased from Juniper Networks with your Juniper Networks device.

CAUTION:

If you face a problem running a Juniper Networks device that uses a third-party optic or cable, the Juniper Networks Technical Assistance Center (JTAC) can help you diagnose the source of the problem. Your JTAC engineer might recommend that you check the third-party optic or cable and potentially replace it with an equivalent Juniper Networks optic or cable that is qualified for the device.

To connect an active optical cable:

  1. Wrap and fasten one end of the ESD wrist strap around your bare wrist, and connect the other end of the strap to a site ESD point.
  2. Remove the cable from its bag.
    CAUTION:

    Do not leave the transceivers at the ends of the cable uncovered except when connecting or disconnecting the cable. The rubber safety cap keeps the transceivers clean and protected.

  3. If the transceiver attached to the cable is covered with a rubber safety cap, remove the cap. Save the cap.
  4. If the port on the device is covered with a rubber safety cap, remove the cap. Save the cap. If you are hot-swapping a cable, wait for at least 10 seconds after removing the cable from the port before installing a new cable.
    CAUTION:

    Before you slide the transceiver into the port, ensure that the transceiver is aligned correctly. Misalignment might cause the pins to bend, making the cable unusable.

    Do not bend the cables beyond their minimum bend radius. An arc smaller than a few inches in diameter can damage the cables and cause problems that are difficult to diagnose.

    Do not let the cables hang free from the connector. Do not allow fastened loops of cables to dangle, which stresses the cables at the fastening point.

  5. By using both hands, carefully insert the transceiver in the empty port. The connectors must face the chassis. Slide the transceiver in gently until it is fully seated.
    Figure 11: Connect an SFP28 or SFP+ Active Optical Cable Connect an SFP28 or SFP+ Active Optical Cable
      1
    —

    Transceiver

      2
    —

    Port on the device
    Figure 12: Connect a QSFP28 or QSFP+ Active Optical Cable Connect a QSFP28 or QSFP+ Active Optical Cable
      1
    —

    Transceiver

      2
    —

    Port on the device
  6. Repeat Step 5 for all ports to which the cable must be connected.
  7. Secure the cable so that it does not support its own weight as it hangs to the floor. If there is a cable management system, arrange the cable in the cable management system to prevent the cable from dislodging or developing stress points. Place excess cable out of the way in a neatly coiled loop in the cable management system. Placing fasteners on the loop helps to maintain its shape.

The procedure to connect other types of AOCs, other than direct attach AOCs, is the same as the procedure described in this topic.

Maintain Breakout Cables

Breakout cables have one transceiver preattached to one end and more than one transceiver preattached to the other end. You can use the cables to channelize a port and increase the number of interfaces. For example, you can channelize the QSFP28 ports on the front panel of MX304 by connecting breakout cables and by using CLI configuration when those ports are configured as network ports (see Port Speed on MX304 Router Overview).

Disconnect a Breakout Cable

Before you disconnect a breakout cable from a device, ensure that you have taken the necessary precautions for safe handling of laser (see Laser and LED Safety Guidelines and Warnings).

Ensure that you have the following parts and tools available:

  • An antistatic bag or an antistatic mat to store the cable, if you are disconnecting the cable from all the ports it is connected to

  • Rubber safety caps to cover the ports on the device, or a replacement cable

  • Rubber safety caps to cover the transceivers at the ends of the cable

  • An electrostatic discharge (ESD) grounding strap—not provided

To disconnect a breakout cable:

  1. Disable the port to which the cable is connected by issuing the following command:
  2. Place the antistatic bag or antistatic mat on a flat, stable surface if you are disconnecting the cable from all the devices it is connected to.
  3. Wrap and fasten one end of the ESD wrist strap around your bare wrist, and connect the other end of the strap to a site ESD point.
  4. Label the cable so that you can reconnect it correctly.
    CAUTION:

    Do not leave the transceivers at the ends of the cable uncovered except when connecting or disconnecting the cable. The rubber safety cap keeps the transceivers clean and protected.

    Do not bend the cables beyond their minimum bend radius. An arc smaller than a few inches in diameter can damage the cables and cause problems that are difficult to diagnose.

    Do not let the cables hang free from the connector. Do not allow fastened loops of cables to dangle, which stresses the cables at the fastening point.

  5. By using your fingers, pull the tab on the transceiver attached to the cable to disengage it (see Figure 13).
    Figure 13: Disconnect a Breakout CableDisconnect a Breakout Cable
      1
    —

    Tab to pull the transceiver

      3
    —

    Port at the other end

      2
    —

    Channelized port on a device

    		 
  6. Grasp the transceiver and gently slide it approximately 0.5 in. (1.3 cm) straight out of the port.
    CAUTION:

    To prevent ESD damage to the transceiver, do not touch the connector pins at the end of the transceiver.

  7. By using your fingers, grasp the body of the transceiver and pull it straight out of the port.
  8. Cover the transceiver with a rubber safety cap.
  9. Secure the cable so that it does not support its own weight as it hangs to the floor. If there is a cable management system, arrange the cable in the cable management system to prevent it from dislodging or developing stress points. Place excess cable out of the way in a neatly coiled loop in the cable management system. Placing fasteners on the loop helps to maintain its shape.
  10. If you are disconnecting the cable from all the devices it is connected to, place the cable in the antistatic bag or on the antistatic mat placed on a flat, stable surface.

The procedure to disconnect other types of breakout cables is the same as the procedure described in this topic.

Connect a Breakout Cable

CAUTION:

To prevent ESD damage to the transceiver, do not touch the connector pins at the end of the transceiver.

If you are connecting an active optic breakout cable to a device, ensure that you have taken the necessary precautions for safe handling of laser (see Laser and LED Safety Guidelines and Warnings).

Ensure that you have an electrostatic discharge (ESD) grounding strap (not provided).

Note:

After you connect a cable or after you change the media-type configuration, wait for 6 seconds for the interface to display operational commands.

Note:

We recommend that you use only cables purchased from Juniper Networks with your Juniper Networks device.

CAUTION:

If you face a problem running a Juniper Networks device that uses a third-party optic or cable, the Juniper Networks Technical Assistance Center (JTAC) can help you diagnose the source of the problem. Your JTAC engineer might recommend that you check the third-party optic or cable and potentially replace it with an equivalent Juniper Networks optic or cable that is qualified for the device.

To connect a breakout cable:

  1. Wrap and fasten one end of the ESD wrist strap around your bare wrist, and connect the other end of the strap to a site ESD point.
  2. Remove the cable from its bag.
    CAUTION:

    Do not leave the transceivers at the ends of the cable uncovered except when connecting or disconnecting the cable. The rubber safety cap keeps the transceivers clean and protected.

  3. If the transceiver attached to the cable is covered with a rubber safety cap, remove the cap. Save the cap.
  4. If the port on the device is covered with a rubber safety cap, remove the cap. Save the cap. If you are hot-swapping a cable, wait for at least 10 seconds after removing the cable from the port before installing a new cable.
    CAUTION:

    Before you slide the transceiver into the port, ensure that the transceiver is aligned correctly. Misalignment might cause the pins to bend, making the cable unusable.

    Do not bend the cables beyond their minimum bend radius. An arc smaller than a few inches in diameter can damage the cables and cause problems that are difficult to diagnose.

    Do not let the cables hang free from the connector. Do not allow fastened loops of cables to dangle, which stresses the cables at the fastening point.

  5. By using both hands, carefully insert the transceiver in the empty port. The connectors must face the chassis. Slide the transceiver in gently until it is fully seated (see Figure 14).
    Figure 14: Connect a Breakout CableConnect a Breakout Cable
      1
    —

    Transceiver

      3
    —

    Ports at the other end

      2
    —

    Channelized port on a device

    		 
  6. Repeat Step 5 for all ports to which the cable must be connected.
  7. Secure the cable so that it does not support its own weight as it hangs to the floor. If there is a cable management system, arrange the cable in the cable management system to prevent the cable from dislodging or developing stress points. Place excess cable out of the way in a neatly coiled loop in the cable management system. Placing fasteners on the loop helps to maintain its shape.

The procedure to connect other types of breakout cables is the same as the procedure described in this topic.

Maintain Direct Attach Cables

A direct attach cable has a transceiver preattached to each end.

Disconnect a Direct Attach Cable

Ensure that you have the following parts and tools available:

  • An antistatic bag or an antistatic mat to store the cable, if you are disconnecting the cable from both the ports it is connected to

  • Rubber safety caps to cover the ports on the device, or a replacement cable

  • Rubber safety caps to cover the transceivers at the ends of the cable

  • An electrostatic discharge (ESD) grounding strap—not provided

To disconnect a direct attach cable:

  1. Disable the port to which the cable is connected by issuing the following command:
  2. Place the antistatic bag or antistatic mat on a flat, stable surface if you are disconnecting the cable from both the ports it is connected to.
  3. Wrap and fasten one end of the ESD wrist strap around your bare wrist, and connect the other end of the strap to a site ESD point.
  4. Label the cable so that you can reconnect it correctly.
    CAUTION:

    Do not leave the transceivers at the ends of the cable uncovered except when connecting or disconnecting the cable. The rubber safety cap keeps the transceivers clean and protected.

    Do not bend the cables beyond their minimum bend radius. An arc smaller than a few inches in diameter can damage the cables and cause problems that are difficult to diagnose.

    Do not let the cables hang free from the connector. Do not allow fastened loops of cables to dangle, which stresses the cables at the fastening point.

  5. By using your fingers, pull the tab on the transceiver attached to the cable to disengage it.
    Figure 15: Disconnect an SFP28 or SFP+ Direct Attach Cable Disconnect an SFP28 or SFP+ Direct Attach Cable
      1
    —

    Tab to pull the transceiver

      2
    —

    Port on the device
    Figure 16: Disconnect a SFP28, SFP+, or QSFP-DD Direct Attach Cable Disconnect a SFP28, SFP+, or QSFP-DD Direct Attach Cable
      1
    —

    Tab to pull the transceiver

      2
    —

    Port on the device
  6. Grasp the transceiver and gently slide it approximately 0.5 in. (1.3 cm) straight out of the port.
    CAUTION:

    To prevent ESD damage to the transceiver, do not touch the connector pins at the end of the transceiver.

  7. By using your fingers, grasp the body of the transceiver and pull it straight out of the port.
  8. Cover the transceiver with a rubber safety cap.
  9. If you are disconnecting the cable from both the ports it is connected to, place the cable in the antistatic bag or on the antistatic mat placed on a flat, stable surface.

The procedure to disconnect other types of direct attach cables, other than direct attach breakout cables, is the same as the procedure described in this topic.

Connect a Direct Attach Cable

CAUTION:

To prevent ESD damage to the transceiver, do not touch the connector pins at the end of the transceiver.

Ensure that you have an ESD grounding strap (not provided).

Note:

After you connect a cable or after you change the media-type configuration, wait for 6 seconds for the interface to display operational commands.

Note:

We recommend that you use only cables purchased from Juniper Networks with your Juniper Networks device.

CAUTION:

If you face a problem running a Juniper Networks device that uses a third-party optic or cable, the Juniper Networks Technical Assistance Center (JTAC) can help you diagnose the source of the problem. Your JTAC engineer might recommend that you check the third-party optic or cable and potentially replace it with an equivalent Juniper Networks optic or cable that is qualified for the device.

To connect a direct attach cable:

  1. Wrap and fasten one end of the ESD wrist strap around your bare wrist, and connect the other end of the strap to a site ESD point.
  2. Remove the cable from its bag.
    CAUTION:

    Do not leave the transceivers at the ends of the cable uncovered except when connecting or disconnecting the cable. The rubber safety cap keeps the transceivers clean and protected.

  3. If the transceiver attached to the cable is covered with a rubber safety cap, remove the cap. Save the cap.
  4. If the port on the device is covered with a rubber safety cap, remove the cap. Save the cap. If you are hot-swapping a cable, wait for at least 10 seconds after removing the cable from the port before installing a new cable.
    CAUTION:

    Before you slide the transceiver into the port, ensure that the transceiver is aligned correctly. Misalignment might cause the pins to bend, making the cable unusable.

    Do not bend the cables beyond their minimum bend radius. An arc smaller than a few inches in diameter can damage the cables and cause problems that are difficult to diagnose.

    Do not let the cables hang free from the connector. Do not allow fastened loops of cables to dangle, which stresses the cables at the fastening point.

  5. By using both hands, carefully insert the transceiver in the empty port. The connectors must face the chassis. Slide the transceiver in gently until it is fully seated.
    Figure 17: Connect an SFP28 or SFP+ Direct Attach Cable Connect an SFP28 or SFP+ Direct Attach Cable
      1
    —

    Transceiver

      2
    —

    Port on the device
    Figure 18: Connect a SFP28, SFP+, or QSFP-DD Direct Attach Cable Connect a SFP28, SFP+, or QSFP-DD Direct Attach Cable
      1
    —

    Transceiver

      2
    —

    Port on the device
  6. Repeat Step 5 for all ports to which the cable must be connected.
  7. Secure the cable so that it does not support its own weight as it hangs to the floor. If there is a cable management system, arrange the cable in the cable management system to prevent the cable from dislodging or developing stress points. Place excess cable out of the way in a neatly coiled loop in the cable management system. Placing fasteners on the loop helps to maintain its shape.

The procedure to connect other types of direct attach cables, other than direct attach breakout cables, is the same as the procedure described in this topic.